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arXiv:1108.0516 · Physical Review A

Persistent currents in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in annular potentials

Francesc Malet, G. M. Kavoulakis, S. M. Reimann

Published Oct 17, 2011• 12 citations
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Abstract

We consider a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an annular potential, with all the dipoles being aligned along some arbitrary direction. In addition to the dipole-dipole interaction, we also assume a zero-range hard-core potential. We investigate the stability of the system against collapse, as well as the stability of persistent currents as a function of the orientation of the dipoles and of the strength of the hard-core interaction.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.043626

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We consider a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an annular potential, with all the dipoles being aligned along some arbitrary direction. In addition to the dipole-dipole interaction, we also assume a zero-range hard-core potential. We investigate the stability of the system against collapse, as well as the stability of persistent currents as a function of the orientation of the dipoles and of the strength of the hard-core interaction.
We study the rotational properties of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-two-dimensional anisotropic trap for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles with respect to their plane of motion. Within the mean-field approximation, we find that the lowest-energy state of the system depends strongly on the relative strength between the dipolar and the contact interactions, as well as on the size and the orientation of the dipoles and the size and the orientation of the deformation of the trapping potential.
By using the imaginary-time propagation method, we study the ground state structure of a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a coupled annular potential. The effects of contact and dipole-dipole interaction on the ground state density distribution of such a system are investigated in detail. The results show that the dipole-dipole interaction, acting as a new degree of freedom, can be used to obtain the desired ground state phases, and to control the phase transition between different ground states.
We study properties of a trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a circular ring or a spherical shell using the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. In the case of the ring-shaped trap we consider different orientations of the ring with respect to the polarization direction of the dipoles. In the presence of long-range anisotropic dipolar and short-range contact interactions, the anisotropic density distribution of the dipolar BEC in both traps is discussed in detail. The stability condition of the dipolar BEC in both traps is illustrated in a phase plot of dipolar and contact interactions. We also study and discuss the properties of a vortex dipolar BEC in these traps.
We develop theory for a flattened dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate produced by harmonic confinement along one direction. The role of both short-ranged contact interactions and long-ranged dipole–dipole interactions is considered, and the dipoles are allowed to be polarized along an arbitrary direction. We discuss the symmetry properties of the condensate and the part of the excitation spectrum determining stability, and introduce two effective interaction parameters that allow us to provide a general description of the condensate properties, rotons, and stability. We diagonalize the full theory to obtain benchmark results for the condensate and quasiparticle excitations, and characterize the exact mean field stability of the system. We provide a unified formulation for a number of approximate schemes to describe the condensate and quasiparticles, including the standard quasi-two-dimensional approximation, two kinds of variational ansatz, and a Thomas–Fermi approximation. Some of these schemes have been widely used in the literature despite not being substantiated against the exact theory. We provide this validation and establish the regimes where the various theories perform well.