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arXiv:1207.6505 · Physical Review A

Rotational properties of nondipolar and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in annular potentials

Elife Öznur Karabulut, Francesc Malet, G. M. Kavoulakis, S. M. Reimann

Published Mar 15, 2013• 6 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the rotational response of both nondipolar and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in an annular potential via minimization of the energy in the rotating frame. For the nondipolar case we identify certain phases which are associated with different vortex configurations. For the dipolar case, assuming that the dipoles are aligned along some arbitrary and tunable direction, we study the same problem as a function of the orientation angle of the dipole moment of the atoms.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.033615

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
We investigate the rotational response of both nondipolar and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined in an annular potential via minimization of the energy in the rotating frame. For the nondipolar case we identify certain phases which are associated with different vortex configurations. For the dipolar case, assuming that the dipoles are aligned along some arbitrary and tunable direction, we study the same problem as a function of the orientation angle of the dipole moment of the atoms.
Dipolar Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel functional materials. Here we investigate the ground-state and rotational properties of a rotating two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, which consists of both dipolar bosonic atoms with magnetic dipole moments aligned vertically to the condensate and one without dipole moments, confined in concentrically coupled annular traps. For the nonrotational case, it is found that the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to control the location of each component between the inner and outer rings, and to induce the desired ground-state phase. Under finite rotation, it is shown that there exists a critical value of rotational frequency for the nondipolar case, above which vortex state can form at the trap center, and the related vortex structures depend strongly on the rotational frequency. For the dipolar case, it is found that various ground-state phases and the related vortex structures, such as polygonal vortex clusters and vortex necklaces, can be obtained via a proper choice of the dipolar interaction and rotational frequency. Finally, we also study and discuss the formation process of such vortex structures.
We study the rotational properties of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-two-dimensional anisotropic trap for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles with respect to their plane of motion. Within the mean-field approximation, we find that the lowest-energy state of the system depends strongly on the relative strength between the dipolar and the contact interactions, as well as on the size and the orientation of the dipoles and the size and the orientation of the deformation of the trapping potential.
Based on the two-dimensional mean-field equations for pancake-shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in a rotating frame, for both attractive and repulsive dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) as well as arbitrary polarization direction, we study the profiles of the single vortex state and show how the critical rotational frequency changes with the sss-wave contact interaction strength, DDI strength, and polarization angle. In addition, we find numerically that at the ``magic angle'' $\ensuremath{\vartheta}=arccos(\sqrt{3}/3)$, the critical rotational frequency is almost independent of the DDI strength. By numerically solving the dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation at high rotation speed, we identify different patterns of vortex lattices which strongly depend on the polarization direction. As a result, we undergo a study of vortex lattice structures for the whole regime of polarization direction and find evidence that the vortex lattice orientation tends to be aligned to the dipole polarization axis for positive DDI strength and to the perpendicular direction of the dipole axis for negative DDI strength.
In the last decade, considerable advances have been made in the investigation of dipolar quantum gases. Previous theoretical investigations of a rotating binary dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, where only one component possesses dipole moment, were mainly focused on two special orientations of the dipoles: perpendicular or parallel to the plane of motion. Here we study the ground-state and rotational properties of such a system for an arbitrary orientation of the dipoles. We demonstrate the ground-state vortex structures depend strongly on the relative strength between dipolar and contact interactions and the rotation frequency, as well as on the orientation of the dipoles. In the absence of rotation, the tunable dipolar interaction can be used to induce the squeezing or expansion of the cloud, and to derive the phase transition between phase coexistence and separation. Under finite rotation, the system is found to exhibit exotic ground-state vortex configurations, such as kernel-shell, vortex necklace, and compensating stripe vortex structures. We also check the validity of the Feynman relation, and find no significant deviations from it. The obtained results open up alternate ways for the quantum control of dipolar quantum gases.
We investigate the impact of interplay between the contact interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction on the rotational properties of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, rotating in an axially confined double-well potential. The dynamics is governed by a quasi-two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation with phenomenological dissipation and non-local dipole-dipole interaction integral. In the present study, we consider using three different dipolar atoms namely 52Cr, 168Er and 164Dy with increasing order of dipole-dipole interaction strength respectively. From our numerical simulation, we see, at the critical frequency, the vortex core starts to emerge from the peripheries of the BEC. Further, we observe that the critical frequency of vortex nucleation decreases with an increase of dipole-dipole interaction strength and contact interaction strength and these interactions also enhance the number of vortices. We also find that the increase in average angular momentum per atom with rotational frequency suddenly shifts from linear to non-linear progression after attaining the critical rotational frequency. From the results obtained in the present study, it is quite clear that dipole-dipole interaction and contact interaction compliments with each other, has a considerable influence on the rotational properties of dipolar BECs.