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Acta Physica Sinica

Ground state of a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a coupled annular potential

Zhang Xiao-Fei, Pei Zhang, Guangping Chen, Dong Biao, Tan Ren-Bing, Shougang Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By using the imaginary-time propagation method, we study the ground state structure of a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a coupled annular potential. The effects of contact and dipole-dipole interaction on the ground state density distribution of such a system are investigated in detail. The results show that the dipole-dipole interaction, acting as a new degree of freedom, can be used to obtain the desired ground state phases, and to control the phase transition between different ground states.

DOI
10.7498/aps.64.060302

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By using the imaginary-time propagation method, we study the ground state structure of a two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a coupled annular potential. The effects of contact and dipole-dipole interaction on the ground state density distribution of such a system are investigated in detail. The results show that the dipole-dipole interaction, acting as a new degree of freedom, can be used to obtain the desired ground state phases, and to control the phase transition between different ground states.
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We investigate the ground-state structures of dipolar spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in a toroidal trap. Combined effects of dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the ground states of the system are discussed. A ground-state phase diagram is obtained as a function of the SOC and DDI strengths. As two new degrees of freedom, the DDI and SOC can be used to obtain the desired ground-state phases and to control the phase transition between various ground states. In particular, the system displays exotic topological structures and spin textures, such as half-quantum vortex, vortex string, vortex necklace, complex vortex lattice including giant vortex and hidden antivortex chains, different skyrmions, meron (half-skyrmion)-antimeron (half-antiskyrmion) necklace, and composite meron-antimeron lattice.
The ground states of two-component miscible Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) confined in a rotating annular trap are obtained by using the Thomas–Fermi (TF) approximation method. The ground state density distribution of the condensates experiences a transition from a disc shape to an annulus shape either when the angular frequency increases and the width and the center height of the trap are fixed, or when the width and the center height of the trap increase and the angular frequency is fixed. Meantime the numerical solutions of the ground states of the trapped two-component miscible BECs with the same condition are obtained by using imaginary-time propagation method. They are in good agreement with the solutions obtained by the TF approximation method. The ground states of the trapped two-component immiscible BECs are also given by using the imaginary-time propagation method. Furthermore, by introducing a normalized complex-valued spinor, three kinds of pseudospin textures of the BECs, i.e., giant skyrmion, coaxial double-annulus skyrmion, and coaxial three-annulus skyrmion, are found.
Using Crank–Nicolson method, we calculate ground state wave functions of two-component dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) and show that, due to dipole–dipole interaction (DDI), the condensate mixture displays anisotropic phase separation. The effects of DDI, inter-component s-wave scattering, strength of trap potential and particle numbers on the density profiles are investigated. Three types of two-component profiles are present, first cigar, along z-axis and concentric torus, second pancake (or blood cell), in xy-plane, and two non-uniform ellipsoid, separated by the pancake and third two dumbbell shapes.
A two-component Bose-Einstein condensate described by two coupled Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations in three dimensions is considered, where one equation has dipole-dipole interactions while the other one has only the usual s -wave contact interaction, in a harmonic trap. The singularity in the dipole-dipole interactions brings significant difficulties both in mathematical analysis and in numerical simulations. The backward Euler method in time and the sine spectral method in space are proposed to compute the ground states. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency of this method.