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arXiv:1102.4676

Quantum state transfer in frequency down-conversion via nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier

Yunfei Bai, Junxiang Zhang, Shi-Yao Zhu

Published Feb 23, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

By utilizing the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier, the quantum state transfer from a pump state with high frequency to a signal state of lower frequency is studied theoretically. The noiseless state transfer is characterized by frequency conversion efficiency and noise figure. It is shown that the quantum state can be well preserved during the frequency conversion as long as the optical parametric amplifier is operated far below the threshold, and meanwhile injected with an input idler field with a power density about ten times greater than that of the pump. The dependence of the noise figure and conversion efficiency on the idler amplitude, the analyzing frequency and the cavity extra loss is also discussed.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1102.4676

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By utilizing the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier, the quantum state transfer from a pump state with high frequency to a signal state of lower frequency is studied theoretically. The noiseless state transfer is characterized by frequency conversion efficiency and noise figure. It is shown that the quantum state can be well preserved during the frequency conversion as long as the optical parametric amplifier is operated far below the threshold, and meanwhile injected with an input idler field with a power density about ten times greater than that of the pump. The dependence of the noise figure and conversion efficiency on the idler amplitude, the analyzing frequency and the cavity extra loss is also discussed.
The quantum state transfer from subharmonic frequency to harmonic frequency based on asymmetrically pumped second harmonic generation in a cavity is investigated theoretically. The performance of noise-free frequency up-conversion is evaluated by the signal transfer coefficient and the conversion efficiency, in which both the quadrature fluctuation and the average photon number are taken into consideration. It is shown that the quantum property can be preserved during frequency up-conversion via operating the cavity far below the threshold. The dependences of the transfer coefficient and the conversion efficiency on pump parameter, analysing frequency, and cavity extra loss are also discussed.
Noise spectra of the in-phase and quadrature-phase components of the signal and idler fields of a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier are calculated. It is shown that, as is suggested by the operator Manley-Rowe relations, the external in-phase (amplitude) fluctuations of the signal and idler fields are correlated in the frequency region lower than the signal and idler cavity bandwidths. If the idler photon flux is continuously measured and the photocurrent fluctuations are fed back to control the pump intensity, the signal output will feature an amplitude noise spectral density reduced to below the standard quantum limit (amplitude squeezing) in the frequency region below the feedback loop and signal and idler cavity bandwidths. An all-optical realization of such a negative-feedback parametric oscillator is presented. It is also shown that a nondegenerate parametric amplifier with idler measurement feedback can add a fixed number of photons to a photon-number state.
By implementing a parametric down-conversion process with a strong signal field injection, we demonstrate that frequency down-conversion from pump photons to idler photons can be a coherent process. Contrary to a common misconception, we show that the process can be free of quantum noise. With an interference experiment, we demonstrate that coherence is preserved in the conversion process. This technique could lead to a high-fidelity quantum state transfer from a high-frequency photon to a low-frequency photon and connect a missing link in quantum networks. Coherent and efficient nonlinear interaction and frequency conversion are of great interest in many areas of quantum optics. Traditionally, the low efficiency of Raman scattering is improved by a high-finesse optical resonator or stimulated Raman conversion. It was recently found that the atomic spin wave initially built through electromagnetically induced transparency or a weak Raman process can actively enhance the Raman frequency conversion. An experimental demonstration of an efficient Raman conversion scheme with coherent feedback of both pump and Stokes fields is presented. The temporal profile of the generated Raman pulse shows that the coherence time of the atomic spin wave is $\sim$1.8 ms. A laser-like power threshold is observed and its low threshold is attributed to the long coherence time of the atomic spin wave. The mechanism of the conversion enhancement process is discussed and the conversion efficiency of a single pass of the beams is compared with that of double passes. Finally, a beat signal is observed between the two Stokes fields and its Fourier transform shows that the frequency difference is caused by the AC Stark effect. Precision phase measurement is traditionally restricted by the standard quantum limit. However, this limit is not as fundamental as the Heisenberg limit and can be circumvented by use of nonclassical quantum states and structure modification of the interferometers. Several examples of nonlinear interferometers are proposed and implemented. The wave propagation equations for the nonlinear interferometers are solved. The interference fringes are measured and compared with that of linear interferometers. The first nonlinear interferometer presented is based on second harmonic generation and degenerate parametric down-conversion. The second nonlinear interferometer is composed of two parametric amplifiers. The idea of nonlinear beam splitters is introduced as an analogy to traditional beam splitters. We show that a nonlinear interferometer can be built alternatively by using only one parametric amplifier. Type II phase-matched crystals can be used to increase the amplification factor. An interferometer based on a Raman amplifier is analyzed for its application to sensitive magnetic field measurement.
The quantum fluctuations and correlations of the output signal and idler beams from a type-II polarization nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) inside an optical cavity are investigated theoretically, which is driven by the different kinds of quantized fields such as the two-mode thermal field, the phase-conjugate state, and a pair of EPR beams at the signal and idler frequency. Spectral line shapes due to quantum interferences between the input quantum fields and the generated down-converted subharmonic fields of NOPA are studied by scanning the length of the NOPA cavity. The entanglement degree of the EPR entangled beams injected into the NOPA as signal and idler beams can be increased or decreased, which are realized by controlling the relative phase between the pump beam and the injected beams for the NOPA. The results demonstrate coherent phenomena of NOPA in the quantum regime and show phase-sensitive manipulations of quantum entanglement for quantum information processing.