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arXiv:1102.0546 · Physical Review Letters

Objectively Discerning Autler-Townes Splitting from Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Petr M. Anisimov, Jonathan P. Dowling, Barry C. Sanders

Published Oct 12, 2011• 288 citations
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Abstract

Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs EIT from experimental data for three-level atomic systems and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting-circuit quantum electrodynamics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.107.163604

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Autler-Townes Splitting vs. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency: Objective Criterion to Discern Between Them in any Experiment

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Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs. EIT from experimental data and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) are generally characterized and distinguished by the width of the transparency created in the absorption profile of a weak probe in presence of a strong control field. This often leads to ambiguities, as both phenomena yield similar spectroscopic signatures. However, an objective method based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) test offers a quantitative way to discern the two regimes when applied on the probe absorption profile. The obtained transition value of control field strength was found to be higher than the value given by pole analysis of the corresponding off-diagonal density matrix element. By contrast, we apply the test on ground state coherence and the measured coherence quantifier, which yields a distinct transition point around the predicted value even in presence of noise. Our test accurately captures the transition between two regimes, indicating that a proper measure of coherence is essential for making such distinctions.

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Here we first experimentally demonstrated the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) effects in mechanical coupled pendulums. Exploiting Akaike information criterion, these two effects could be discerned. The analogue of EIT and ATS is also discussed in mechanical systems.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two similar quantum coherent phenomena but have different mechanisms and applications. Akaike information criteria (AIC), an objective method to discriminate EIT and ATS from an experimental viewpoint, has been employed in a variety of systems. Here we use AIC method to quantitively discriminate a series of spectra of cold atoms in a Rydberg-involved upper-driving ladder-type. The derived weights of EIT and ATS reflect that our spectra change from EIT-ATS intermediate region to ATS-dominated region along Rabi frequency of coupling field increases. We find that there are two factors affecting EIT-ATS weights in a Rydberg-involved three-level system: dephasing rate, induced by the interactions among Rydberg atoms, makes the EIT-ATS crossover move to the direction of low Rabi frequency of coupling field and the experimental noise makes the difference between EIT and ATS weights reduce at elsewhere. Our investigation could provide a meaningful reference for the observations and applications of Rydberg-involved quantum coherent spectroscopy.

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Summary form only given. If in general the transparency of an initially absorbing medium for a probe field is increased by the presence of a control field on an adjacent transition, two very different processes can be invoked to explain it. One of them is a quantum Fano interference between two paths in the three-level system, which occurs even at low control intensity and gives rise to electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), the other one is the appearance of two dressed states in the excited level at higher control intensity, corresponding to the Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). This distinction is particularly critical for instance for the implementation of slow light or optical quantum memories. In a recent paper, P. M. Anisimov, J. P. Dowling and B. C. Sanders proposed a quantitative test to objectively discerning ATS from EIT. We experimentally investigated this test with cold atoms and demonstrated that it is very sensitive to the specific properties of the medium. In this study, we use an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms trapped in a MOT, interacting with light via a Λ-type scheme on the D2 line. Absorption profiles are obtained for various values of the control Rabi frequency Ω between 0.1Γ and 4Γ, where Γ is the natural linewidth.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two phenomena that can affect the transmission of a probe field in the presence of a stronger field, both yielding transparency in the absorption profile. Being able to discriminate these two similar but distinct phenomena is of vital importance. Here we propose a scheme to describe the EIT and ATS phenomena in a plasmonic system. The proposed system consists of one radiative resonator and one subradiant resonator in metal-insulator-metal waveguide, and the transition is observed from the ATS model to the EIT model through three qualitative regions as the coupling strength decreases. In addition, we apply the method proposed by Anisimov to the induced transparency spectrum in our model, and numerically discerning EIT from ATS based on the Akaike's information criterion in a clear way.

Optics Express•Sep 2, 2015•37 citations
Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs EIT from experimental data for three-level atomic systems and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting-circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) and electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) both yield transparency in an absorption profile, but only EIT yields strong transparency for a weak pump field due to Fano interference. Empirically discriminating EIT from ATS is important but so far has been subjective. We introduce an objective method, based on Akaike's information criterion, to test ATS vs. EIT from experimental data and determine which pertains. We apply our method to a recently reported induced-transparency experiment in superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) are generally characterized and distinguished by the width of the transparency created in the absorption profile of a weak probe in presence of a strong control field. This often leads to ambiguities, as both phenomena yield similar spectroscopic signatures. However, an objective method based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) test offers a quantitative way to discern the two regimes when applied on the probe absorption profile. The obtained transition value of control field strength was found to be higher than the value given by pole analysis of the corresponding off-diagonal density matrix element. By contrast, we apply the test on ground state coherence and the measured coherence quantifier, which yields a distinct transition point around the predicted value even in presence of noise. Our test accurately captures the transition between two regimes, indicating that a proper measure of coherence is essential for making such distinctions.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two similar quantum coherent phenomena but have different mechanisms and applications. Akaike information criteria (AIC), an objective method to discriminate EIT and ATS from an experimental viewpoint, has been employed in a variety of systems. Here we use AIC method to quantitively discriminate a series of spectra of cold atoms in a Rydberg-involved upper-driving ladder-type. The derived weights of EIT and ATS reflect that our spectra change from EIT-ATS intermediate region to ATS-dominated region along Rabi frequency of coupling field increases. We find that there are two factors affecting EIT-ATS weights in a Rydberg-involved three-level system: dephasing rate, induced by the interactions among Rydberg atoms, makes the EIT-ATS crossover move to the direction of low Rabi frequency of coupling field and the experimental noise makes the difference between EIT and ATS weights reduce at elsewhere. Our investigation could provide a meaningful reference for the observations and applications of Rydberg-involved quantum coherent spectroscopy.
Summary form only given. If in general the transparency of an initially absorbing medium for a probe field is increased by the presence of a control field on an adjacent transition, two very different processes can be invoked to explain it. One of them is a quantum Fano interference between two paths in the three-level system, which occurs even at low control intensity and gives rise to electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), the other one is the appearance of two dressed states in the excited level at higher control intensity, corresponding to the Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). This distinction is particularly critical for instance for the implementation of slow light or optical quantum memories. In a recent paper, P. M. Anisimov, J. P. Dowling and B. C. Sanders proposed a quantitative test to objectively discerning ATS from EIT. We experimentally investigated this test with cold atoms and demonstrated that it is very sensitive to the specific properties of the medium. In this study, we use an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms trapped in a MOT, interacting with light via a Λ-type scheme on the D2 line. Absorption profiles are obtained for various values of the control Rabi frequency Ω between 0.1Γ and 4Γ, where Γ is the natural linewidth.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two phenomena that can affect the transmission of a probe field in the presence of a stronger field, both yielding transparency in the absorption profile. Being able to discriminate these two similar but distinct phenomena is of vital importance. Here we propose a scheme to describe the EIT and ATS phenomena in a plasmonic system. The proposed system consists of one radiative resonator and one subradiant resonator in metal-insulator-metal waveguide, and the transition is observed from the ATS model to the EIT model through three qualitative regions as the coupling strength decreases. In addition, we apply the method proposed by Anisimov to the induced transparency spectrum in our model, and numerically discerning EIT from ATS based on the Akaike's information criterion in a clear way.