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arXiv:1101.0757 · Physical Review A

Randomly poled nonlinear crystals as a source of photon pairs

Jan Peřina, Jiŕí Svozilík

Published Mar 8, 2011• 7 citations
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Abstract

The generation of photon pairs from randomly poled nonlinear crystals is investigated using an analytically soluble model and numerical calculations. Randomly poled crystals are discovered as sources of entangled ultra broadband signal and idler fields. Their photon-pair generation rates scale linearly with the number of domains. Entanglement times as short as several fs can be reached. A comparison with chirped periodically poled structures is given and reveals close similarity.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.033808

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The generation of photon pairs from randomly poled nonlinear crystals is investigated using an analytically soluble model and numerical calculations. Randomly poled crystals are discovered as sources of entangled ultra broadband signal and idler fields. Their photon-pair generation rates scale linearly with the number of domains. Entanglement times as short as several fs can be reached. A comparison with chirped periodically poled structures is given and reveals close similarity.
We describe properties of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled nonlinear crystals. These materials can serve as a useful bright source of photon pairs which properties can be tailored on demand. Especially photon pairs with broad spectra and sharp temporal features can be observed. Both uniform and chirped poling are considered. Spectral properties of the generated photons, photon fluxes, coincidence-count patterns in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, entropy of entanglement, as well as transverse profiles of intensities of the generated photon fields are discussed. Also the correlation area of two photons comprising a photon pair has been studied as it depends on parameters of periodical poling. Attention is also paid to structures with randomly distributed boundaries.
As some of the most promising quantum applications such as high resolution quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT) [1] with dispersion cancellation as well as quantum key distribution require frequency entanglement. Therefore, frequency entanglement light sources are an essential importance for implement of many quantum optical applications. So Far, the most prominent method used for the entangled photon pair generation is spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals. Recently, with adopting chirp quasi-phase matching (QPM) PPSLT (periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate) has been used as source of entangled photons with large bandwidth [2]. However, improving the overall system efficiency is still remain challenging.
Using a rigorous quantum model a comprehensive study of physical properties of entangled photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion in chirped periodically poled crystals is presented. Spectral, temporal, as well as spatial characteristics of photon pairs are analyzed. Spectral bandwidths, photon-pair flux, and entanglement area can be effectively controlled by chirping. Quantification of entanglement between photons in a pair is given. Splitting of entanglement area in the transverse plane accompanied by spectral splitting has been revealed. Using the model temperature dependencies of the experimental intensity profiles reported in literature have been explained.