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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Generation of entangled photon pairs in periodically poled nonlinear crystals

Jiŕí Svozilík, Jan Peřina

Published May 7, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We describe properties of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled nonlinear crystals. These materials can serve as a useful bright source of photon pairs which properties can be tailored on demand. Especially photon pairs with broad spectra and sharp temporal features can be observed. Both uniform and chirped poling are considered. Spectral properties of the generated photons, photon fluxes, coincidence-count patterns in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, entropy of entanglement, as well as transverse profiles of intensities of the generated photon fields are discussed. Also the correlation area of two photons comprising a photon pair has been studied as it depends on parameters of periodical poling. Attention is also paid to structures with randomly distributed boundaries.

DOI
10.1117/12.820986

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We describe properties of entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in periodically poled nonlinear crystals. These materials can serve as a useful bright source of photon pairs which properties can be tailored on demand. Especially photon pairs with broad spectra and sharp temporal features can be observed. Both uniform and chirped poling are considered. Spectral properties of the generated photons, photon fluxes, coincidence-count patterns in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, entropy of entanglement, as well as transverse profiles of intensities of the generated photon fields are discussed. Also the correlation area of two photons comprising a photon pair has been studied as it depends on parameters of periodical poling. Attention is also paid to structures with randomly distributed boundaries.
Using a rigorous quantum model a comprehensive study of physical properties of entangled photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric downconversion in chirped periodically poled crystals is presented. Spectral, temporal, as well as spatial characteristics of photon pairs are analyzed. Spectral bandwidths, photon-pair flux, and entanglement area can be effectively controlled by chirping. Quantification of entanglement between photons in a pair is given. Splitting of entanglement area in the transverse plane accompanied by spectral splitting has been revealed. Using the model temperature dependencies of the experimental intensity profiles reported in literature have been explained.
We demonstrate a technique that generates frequency-entangled photon pairs with strong polarization correlation by using a single-period nonlinear crystal and single pass configuration. The technique is based on the simultaneous occurrence of two spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes satisfying independent type-II collinear quasi-phase matching conditions in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate. The generated photon pairs exhibit non-degenerate Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, indicating the presence of quantum entanglement in the frequency domain. This method provides a light source capable of wide-range quantum sensing and quantum imaging or high-dimensional quantum processing.
Entangled photons, which may be generated through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a crystal with /spl chi//sup (2)/ nonlinearity, have long been in the spotlight for quantum-optics experiments. The generation of entangled photons by quasi-phase matching (QPM) in lithium niobate offers the promise of increased photon-pair production and, with the integration of a waveguide structure, control of the spatial characteristics of the down-converted photons. It turns out that the use of a waveguide structure, in conjunction with periodic poling to achieve quasi-phase matching, offers another critically important feature: the possibility of generating counterpropagating signal and idler photons. We consider the conditions required for generating counterpropagating photon beams and explore some of the unique properties of this source of light using a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide.
We have developed a rigorous quantum model of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a nonlinear 1D photonic-band-gap structure based upon expansion of the field into monochromatic plane waves. The model provides a two-photon amplitude of a created photon pair. The spectra of the signal and idler fields, their intensity profiles in the time domain, as well as the coincidence-count interference pattern in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer are determined both for cw and pulsed pumping regimes in terms of the two-photon amplitude. A broad range of parameters characterizing the emitted down-converted fields can be used. As an example, a structure composed of 49 layers of GaN∕AlN\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{N}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}GaN∕AlN is analyzed as a suitable source of photon pairs having high efficiency.