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arXiv:1011.4621 · Optics Express

Planar designs for electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials

Philippe Tassin, Lei Zhang, Thomas Koschny, E. N. Economou, C. M. Soukoulis

Published Mar 24, 2009• 178 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We present a planar design of a metamaterial exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency that is amenable to experimental verification in the microwave frequency band. The design is based on the coupling of a split-ring resonator with a cut-wire in the same plane. We investigate the sensitivity of the parameters of the transmission window on the coupling strength and on the circuit elements of the individual resonators, and we interpret the results in terms of two linearly coupled Lorentzian resonators. Our metamaterial designs combine low losses with the extremely small group velocity associated with the resonant response in the transmission window, rendering them suitable for slow light applications at room temperature.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.005595

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We present a planar design of a metamaterial exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency that is amenable to experimental verification in the microwave frequency band. The design is based on the coupling of a split-ring resonator with a cut-wire in the same plane. We investigate the sensitivity of the parameters of the transmission window on the coupling strength and on the circuit elements of the individual resonators, and we interpret the results in terms of two linearly coupled Lorentzian resonators. Our metamaterial designs combine low losses with the extremely small group velocity associated with the resonant response in the transmission window, rendering them suitable for slow light applications at room temperature.
Metamaterials, or artificial materials with optical properties not known for natural materials, have recently been used to demonstrate unusual optical phenomena, such as negative refraction, perfect lenses, subwavelength components, and electromagnetic invisibility cloaks. Most of the metamaterials designed to date are periodic structures containing a single resonating element in each unit cell, such as a split-ring resonator (SRR), a cutwire, or a slab-wire pair [1]. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a metamaterial with two coupled SRRs can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media [2]. Due to this process, a small transparency window with low absorption appears in the spectral response of the metamaterial. Simultaneously, extremely steep normal dispersion is observed in the transparency window, which is useful for slow-light applications.
This study demonstrates a metamaterial with two coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media. The coupling between two SRR induces a frequency splitting in the spectral response of the metamaterial, opening up a narrow transmission band in the centre of the absorption line. The obtained reduction in group velocity together with the low absorption is useful for a variety of slow-light applications, without the need for the extreme cooling or the large magnetic fields that are typically required for EIT in atomic systems.
We experimentally demonstrated a controllable electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like spectral response at microwave frequencies in a planar metamaterial consisting of two identical split-ring resonators (SRRs) with side-by-side symmetry. In our scheme, phase coupling between the two SRRs (serving as the bright mode), which were excited strongly by the incident wave, was employed, and it was found that the EIT-like spectral response could be controlled by simply adjusting the incident angle. Thus, our scheme may be used for electromagnetic-wave switching. A high group index for slow-light application and a high quality factor could be obtained by simply controlling the incident angle.
We report on our experimental work concerning a planar metamaterial exhibiting classical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using a structure with two mirrored split-ring resonators as the dark element and a cut wire as the radiative element, we demonstrate that an EIT-like resonance can be achieved without breaking the symmetry of the structure. The mirror symmetry of the metamaterial’s structural element results in a selection rule inhibiting magnetic dipole radiation for the dark element, and the increased quality factor leads to low absorption (<10%) and large group index (of the order of 30).
Abstract The realization of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on metamaterials has special properties, such as strong slow-light, frequency-selection and so on, which have allowed EIT to be widely used in the fields of slow-light, optical storages and filters. In this paper, a metamaterial with two pairs of split ring resonators and one cut-wire is designed to achieve dual-band EIT effect at 0.5–2.14 GHz and 0.4–2.10 GHz with independently tunable bandwidths of 1.64 GHz and 2.7 GHz, respectively. The coupled Lorentz model is adopted to principally study the coupling characteristics between dark and bright modes. It is shown that the coupling strength between the dark and bright modes could be modulated by the coupling distance, which make the dual-band transparent window could be independently modulated by only changing the coupling distance between the bright and dark mode. The group delay and energy storage are also simulated by setting the Gaussian pulse signal passing through the EIT structure. The results show that the group delay of the designed EIT structure is 16.9 times that of the same thickness of dielectric material. The manufactured metamaterial is tested in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experimental and theoretical results are well consistent. These results could be beneficial for the development of EIT research toward some up-and-coming novel slow-light, optical storage, sensor and optical filter applications.
We theoretically investigate the classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a planar metamaterial at optical frequency, which originates from destructive and constructive interference between dark and radiative elements.The metamaterial consists of two coupled resonators with different geometries.An EIT-like transparent window with low absorption is observed and found to be strongly affected by resonant states of the resonators.The transition between the EIT and EIA is achieved by changing the split width and coupling distance.The absorption is enhanced up to 2.5 times compared with the dipolar case.The excitation of the dark mode is very important for EIT-and EIA-like responses of the proposed metamaterial.The EIT and EIA phenomena offer a potential method for manipulating electromagnetic response in metamaterial-based devices.