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arXiv:1009.1157 · Physical Review B

Effects of vertex corrections on diagrammatic approximations applied to the study of transport through a quantum dot

L. Tosi, P. Roura-Bas, Ana Maria Llois, L. O. Manuel

Published Feb 2, 2011• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the present work, we calculate the conductance through a single quantum dot weakly coupled to metallic contacts. We use the spin-1/2 Anderson model to describe the quantum dot, while considering a finite Coulomb repulsion. We solve the interacting system using the noncrossing approximation (NCA) and the one-crossing approximation (OCA). We obtain the linear response conductance as a function of temperature and energy position of the localized level. From the comparison of both approximations we extract the role of the vertex corrections, which are introduced in the OCA calculations and neglected in the NCA scheme. As a function of the energy position, we observe that the diagrams omitted within the NCA are really important for appropriately describing transport phenomena in Kondo systems as well as in the mixed valence regime. On the other hand, as a function of temperature, the corrections introduced by the OCA partly recover the universal scaling properties known from numerical approaches such as the numerical renormalization group.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.83.073301

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In the present work, we calculate the conductance through a single quantum dot weakly coupled to metallic contacts. We use the spin-1/2 Anderson model to describe the quantum dot, while considering a finite Coulomb repulsion. We solve the interacting system using the noncrossing approximation (NCA) and the one-crossing approximation (OCA). We obtain the linear response conductance as a function of temperature and energy position of the localized level. From the comparison of both approximations we extract the role of the vertex corrections, which are introduced in the OCA calculations and neglected in the NCA scheme. As a function of the energy position, we observe that the diagrams omitted within the NCA are really important for appropriately describing transport phenomena in Kondo systems as well as in the mixed valence regime. On the other hand, as a function of temperature, the corrections introduced by the OCA partly recover the universal scaling properties known from numerical approaches such as the numerical renormalization group.
We study the single impurity Anderson model (SIAM) using the equations of motion method (EOM), the non-crossing approximation (NCA), the one-crossing approximation (OCA), and Wilson's numerical renormalization group (NRG). We calculate the density of states and the linear conductance focusing on their dependence on the chemical potential and on the temperature paying special attention to the Kondo and Coulomb blockade regimes for a large range of model parameters. We report that some standard approximations based on the EOM technique display a rather unexpected poor behavior in the Coulomb blockade regime even at high temperatures. Our study offers a critical comparison between the different methods as well as a detailed compilation of the shortcomings and limitations due the approximations involved in each technique, thus allowing for a cost-benefit analysis of the different solvers that considers both numerical precision and computational performance.
The noncrossing approximation (NCA) is generalized to the multichannel Kondo-spin Hamiltonian with arbitrary anisotropic exchange couplings and an external magnetic field, and applied---in the framework of Matveev's mapping---to the charge fluctuations in a single-electron box at the Coulomb blockade. The temperature dependences of the charge step and the capacitance are calculated for a narrow point contact. At low temperatures and close to the degeneracy point, the capacitance line shape exhibits an approximate scaling with U/T,U/\sqrt{T},U/T​, where U is the deviation in gate voltage from the degeneracy point. This scaling relation is proposed as a sharp experimental diagnostic for the non-Fermi-liquid physics of the system at low temperatures. Both the reliability and shortcomings of the Kondo NCA are discussed in detail. Through comparison with poor-man's scaling, we are able to pinpoint the omission of particle-particle processes as the origin of the NCA flaws. An extended diagrammatic scheme is devised to amend the NCA flaws.
The single impurity Anderson model (SIAM) is one of the most recurrent model Hamiltonians in condensed matter physics, playing an important role in the description of systems where electron-electron interactions can not be neglected, such as strongly interacting quantum dots and doped metals with magnetic impurities. In order to address the variety of scenarios in which the model can be applied many impurity solvers were developed for the SIAM. It is consensus that there is no universal method that provides reliable results for the model parameter space of experimental interest. The main methods found in the literature di ers signi cantly on the computational cost involved in the numerical implementation and in the range of the model parameters where the used method is reliable. In this undergraduate dissertation we study the reliability of some impurity solvers for the SIAM, namely, the equations of motion (EOM) method, the numerical renormalization group (NRG), the non-crossing approximation (NCA), and the one crossing approximation (OCA). We study the Green's function of a quantum dot using the aforementioned impurity solvers and then calculate the density of states as a function of the temperature and the chemical potential of the quantum dot . Our analysis is focused on the Coulomb blockade and the Kondo physics. We report that some standard approximations based on the EOM technique display a rather unexpected poor behaviour in the Coulomb blockade regime even at high temperatures.
Using different techniques, and Fermi-liquid relationships, we calculate the variation with the applied magnetic field (up to second order) of the zero-temperature equilibrium conductance through a quantum dot described by the impurity Anderson model. We focus on the strong-coupling limit $U\ensuremath{\gg}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, where UUU is the Coulomb repulsion and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ is half the resonant-level width, and consider several values of the dot level energy Ed{E}_{d}Ed​, ranging from the Kondo regime ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{d}\ensuremath{\gg}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ to the intermediate-valence regime ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{F}$ is the Fermi energy. We have mainly used the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and the numerical renormalization group (NRG) combined with renormalized perturbation theory (RPT). Results for the dot occupancy and magnetic susceptibility from the DMRG and NRG+RPT\mathrm{NRG}+\mathrm{RPT}NRG+RPT are compared with the corresponding Bethe ansatz results for $U\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, showing an excellent agreement once Ed{E}_{d}Ed​ is renormalized by a constant Haldane shift. For $U<3\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ a simple perturbative approach in UUU agrees very well with the other methods. The conductance decreases with the applied magnetic field for dot occupancies ${n}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}1$ and increases for ${n}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ or ${n}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5$ regardless of the value of UUU. We also relate the energy scale for the magnetic-field dependence of the conductance with the width of the low-energy peak in the spectral density of the dot.
We study transport properties of quantum impurity systems using the functional renormalization group. The latter is an RG-based diagrammatic tool to treat Coulomb interactions in a fast and flexible way. Prior applications, which employed a simple first-order (Hartree-Fock-like) scheme to truncate the FRG flow equations within the Matsubara formalism, succeeded in accurately describing linear transport of various quantum dot geometries at zero temperature T=0. In a nutshell, advance in this Thesis is three-fold. First, we introduce a frequency-dependent second-order approximation in order to eventually compute finite-energy properties such as the conductance at T>0 (mainly focusing on the single impurity Anderson model). Second, a generalisation of the Hartree-Fock-like approach to Keldysh space allows for addressing the non-equilibrium steady-state dynamics of the interacting resonant level model. Third, we investigate the physics of a quantum dot Josephson junction as well as the charging of a single narrow level using the first-order scheme.
The time-dependent non-crossing approximation is employed for the single-electron transistor to calculate the transient response of the conductance for a variety of temperatures and biases. We consider the case when the dot-lead tunneling constant is suddenly changed such that the Kondo effect is present in the final state. In the fast non-universal timescale, which was previously identified, we see rapid oscillations. The frequency of these oscillations is equal to the dot level and their amplitude is modulated by the initial and final tunneling constants. To study the slow universal timescale, we develop a new numerical scheme. We compute the conductance for two systems which have different Kondo temperatures down to a fraction of TKT_{K}TK​ in infinitesimal bias with this scheme. We conclude that universality is preserved as a function of T/TKT/ T_{K}T/TK​. We also investigate the decay rate of recently identified SKP oscillations down to zero temperature and compare it with the previous analytical results obtained with the perturbative renormalization group.