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arXiv:1006.4481

Observation of Squeezing in Hidden Optical-Polarization States

Ravi Shankar Singh, Gyaneshwar K. Gupta, Lallan Yadava

Published Jun 23, 2010• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The dynamic feature of monochromatic bi-modal chaotic optical field, enriched with orthogonally-polarized basis-modes propagating collinearly and undergoing Degenerate Parametric Amplification, is investigated to demonstrate Squeezing in Hidden Optical-Polarization states. The Variance (Noise) of Hidden Optical-Polarization Parameters showing squeezing therein is numerically studied by identifying a Squeezing - Function. This squeezing in HOPS is seen to depend critically on interaction time and an Onset-time responsible for the same is demarcated.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1006.4481

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The dynamic feature of monochromatic bi-modal chaotic optical field, enriched with orthogonally-polarized basis-modes propagating collinearly and undergoing Degenerate Parametric Amplification, is investigated to demonstrate Squeezing in Hidden Optical-Polarization states. The Variance (Noise) of Hidden Optical-Polarization Parameters showing squeezing therein is numerically studied by identifying a Squeezing - Function. This squeezing in HOPS is seen to depend critically on interaction time and an Onset-time responsible for the same is demarcated.
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Polarization squeezing is shown to occur in non-degenerate parametric amplification of coherent light and the degree of squeezing at interaction time T can be as large as 1 -e -2T .This gives 86.4% polarization squeezing for T = 1 and 98.2% for T = 2.One simple case when this occurs is on taking initially plane polarized light having equal amplitudes in the two modes that finally has equal intensities of two circular polarizations.This suggest the experimental settings of parameters to achieve this extent of polarization squeezing in coherent light.
We study polarization squeezing of a light beam initially in the coherent state using the nonlinear interaction Hamiltonian [Formula: see text]. For the degree of polarization squeezing, we use a definition written in the final form by the authors and also used in earlier papers. We find that the polarization squeezing can be very high and the degree of polarization squeezing can be less than unity by a very small amount. We achieve the polarization squeezing even for very low beam intensity under some conditions involving phase angles in the polarization modes.
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The standard process for the production of strongly squeezed states of light is optical parametric amplification (OPA) below threshold in dielectric media such as LiNbO3 or periodically poled KTP. Here, we present a graphical description of squeezed light generation via OPA. It visualizes the interaction between the nonlinear dielectric polarization of the medium and the electromagnetic quantum field. We explicitly focus on the transfer from the field's ground state to a squeezed vacuum state and from a coherent state to a bright squeezed state by the medium's secondorder nonlinearity, respectively. Our pictures visualize the phase dependent amplification and deamplification of quantum uncertainties and give the phase relations between all propagating electro-magnetic fields as well as the internally induced dielectric polarizations. The graphical description can also be used to describe the generation of nonclassical states of light via higherorder effects of the non-linear dielectric polarization such as four-wave mixing and the optical Kerr effect.
A concept of polarization entanglement for continuous variables is introduced. For this purpose the Stokes-parameter operators and the associated Poincar\'e sphere, which describe the quantum-optical polarization properties of light, are defined and their basic properties are reviewed. The general features of the Stokes operators are illustrated by evaluation of their means and variances for a range of simple polarization states. Some of the examples show polarization squeezing, in which the variances of one or more Stokes parameters are smaller than the coherent-state value. The main object of the paper is the application of these concepts to bright squeezed light. It is shown that a light beam formed by interference of two orthogonally polarized quadrature-squeezed beams exhibits squeezing in some of the Stokes parameters. Passage of such a primary polarization-squeezed beam through suitable optical components generates a pair of polarization-entangled light beams with the nature of a two-mode squeezed state. Implementation of these schemes using the double-fiber Sagnac interferometer provides an efficient method for the generation of bright nonclassical polarization states. The important advantage of these nonclassical polarization states for quantum communication is the possibility of experimentally determining all of the relevant conjugate variables of both squeezed and entangled fields using only linear optical elements followed by direct detection.