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arXiv:1006.3750 · Physical Review A

Doppler-free Yb spectroscopy with the fluorescence spot technique

Altaf Hussain Nizamani, James J. McLoughlin, W. K. Hensinger

Published Oct 8, 2010• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate a simple technique to measure the resonant frequency of the 398.9-nm ${}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{}^{1}{P}_{1}$ transition for the different Yb isotopes. The technique, which works by observing and aligning fluorescence spots, has enabled us to measure transition frequencies and isotope shifts with an accuracy of 60 MHz. We provide wavelength measurements for the transition that differ from previously published work. Our technique also allows for the determination of Doppler-shifted transition frequencies for photoionization experiments when the atomic beam and the laser beam are not perpendicular and furthermore allows us to determine the average velocity of the atoms along the direction of the atomic beam.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.043408

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We demonstrate a simple technique to measure the resonant frequency of the 398.9-nm 1S0\ensuremath↔1P1{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{}^{1}{P}_{1}1S0​\ensuremath↔1P1​ transition for the different Yb isotopes. The technique, which works by observing and aligning fluorescence spots, has enabled us to measure transition frequencies and isotope shifts with an accuracy of 60 MHz. We provide wavelength measurements for the transition that differ from previously published work. Our technique also allows for the determination of Doppler-shifted transition frequencies for photoionization experiments when the atomic beam and the laser beam are not perpendicular and furthermore allows us to determine the average velocity of the atoms along the direction of the atomic beam.
We report the first observation to our knowledge of the 6s2 S10-6s6p P11∘ transition (398.8 nm) of 168Yb. The relative position of this spectral line was directly determined by using a laser sideband technique to simultaneously probe pairs of lines. The hyperfine structure of 171Yb and the isotope shifts of 170Yb, 171Yb, and 174Yb were determined to an accuracy of better than 6 MHz and found to differ by as much as 23 MHz from previous results. By using photon-burst spectroscopy to carry out these measurements we obtained subnatural linewidths and fully resolved the 170Yb and 171Yb lines, which otherwise overlap in fluorescence.
We report the experimental results on measuring the isotope shifts and hyperfine splittings of all ytterbium isotopes for a 399-nm transition by using a quite simple and novel method. It benefits from the advantages of the modulation transfer spectroscopy in an ytterbium hollow cathode lamp and the Doppler-free spectroscopy in a collimated ytterbium atomic beam. The key technique in this experiment is simultaneously measuring the frequency separations of the two spectra twice, and the separation difference between two measurements is solely determined by the well-defined frequency of an acousto-optics modulator. Compared with the most of previously reported experimental results, ours are more accurate and completed, which will provide the useful information for developing a more accurate theoretical model to describe the interaction inside an ytterbium atom.
The laser cooling of ytterbium (Yb) atoms needs a 399-nm laser which operates on the strong 1 S0 -1 P1 transition and can be locked at the desired frequencies for different Yb isotopes.We demonstrate a frequency locking method using the fluorescence spectrum of an Yb atomic beam as a frequency reference.For unresolved fluorescence peaks, we make the spectrum of the even isotopes vanish by using the strong angular-dependence of the fluorescence radiations; the remained closely-spaced peaks are thus clearly resolved and able to serve as accurate frequency references.A computer-controlled servo system is used to lock the laser frequency to a single fluorescence peak of interest, and a frequency stability of 304 kHz is achieved.This frequency-locked laser enables us to realize stable blue magneto-optic-traps (MOT) for all abundant Yb isotopes.
The ytterbium atom is widely used in the fields of atomic physics, cavity quantum electrodynamics, quantum information processing, and optical frequency standards. There is however a strong dispersion among the reported values of the 1S0 → 1P1 transition frequency. In this article, we present two independent measurements of the absolute frequency of this transition performed with two different wavemeters using atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The cancellation of Doppler shifts is obtained by fine tuning the angle between the probe laser and the atomic beam. The resulting 174Yb isotope transition frequency is estimated to be 751 526 537 ± 27 MHz.
This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.
This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.