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arXiv:1003.0406 · Physical Review Letters

Entangled-Photon Generation in Nano-to-Bulk Crossover Regime

Motoaki Bamba, Hajime Ishihara

Published Sep 17, 2010• 7 citations
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Abstract

We have theoretically investigated the generation of entangled photons from biexcitons in a semiconductor film with a thickness in the nano-to-bulk crossover regime. In contrast with the cases of quantum dots and bulk materials, we can highly control the generated state of entangled photons through the design of a peculiar energy structure of exciton-photon coupled modes in the thickness range between nanometers and micrometers. Owing to the enhancement of the radiative decay rate of excitons (exciton superradiance), the statistical accuracy of generated photons can be increased beyond the trade-off problem with signal intensity. By implementing an optical cavity structure in the strong-coupling regime, the generation efficiency can be enhanced while maintaining the high statistical accuracy.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.105.123906

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We have theoretically investigated the generation of entangled photons from biexcitons in a semiconductor film with a thickness in the nano-to-bulk crossover regime. In contrast with the cases of quantum dots and bulk materials, we can highly control the generated state of entangled photons through the design of a peculiar energy structure of exciton-photon coupled modes in the thickness range between nanometers and micrometers. Owing to the enhancement of the radiative decay rate of excitons (exciton superradiance), the statistical accuracy of generated photons can be increased beyond the trade-off problem with signal intensity. By implementing an optical cavity structure in the strong-coupling regime, the generation efficiency can be enhanced while maintaining the high statistical accuracy.
We have constructed a theoretical framework of the biexciton-resonant hyperparametric scattering for the pursuit of high-power and high-quality generation of entangled photon pairs. Our framework is applicable to nano-to-bulk crossover regime where the center-of-mass motion of excitons and biexcitons is confined. We can also consider material surroundings and the polarization correlation of generated photons. Analyzing the thickness dependence of the entangled-photon generation, we have revealed that the crossover regime generally show a high performance from the viewpoint of statistical accuracy, and the generation efficiency can beenhanced by an optical cavity with maintaining the high performance. The crossover regime has a variety of degrees of freedom to tune the entangled-photon generation, and the scattering spectra explicitly reflect quantized excitonphoton coupled modes in the finite structure.
We have constructed a theoretical framework of biexciton-resonant hyperparametric scattering for pursuit of high-power and high-quality generation of entangled-photon pairs. Our framework is applicable to the nano-to-bulk crossover regime where the center-of-mass motions of excitons and biexcitons are confined and material surroundings and the polarization correlation of generated photons can be considered. We have analyzed the generation of ultraviolet entangled photons from CuCl film with and without dielectric microcavity and revealed that in the nano-to-bulk crossover regime we generally get a high performance from the viewpoint of statistical accuracy and the generation efficiency can be enhanced by the optical cavity while maintaining the high performance. The nano-to-bulk crossover regime has a variety of degrees of freedom to control the entangled-photon generation, and the scattering spectra explicitly reflect quantized exciton-photon coupled modes in finite structures.
A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal has been recently proposed as a source of entangled photon pairs [R. Johne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 240404 (2008)]. The biexction decay via intermediate polariton states can be used to overcome the natural splitting between the exciton states coupled to the horizontally and vertically polarized light modes so that high degrees of entanglement can be expected. We investigate theoretically the features of realistic dot-cavity systems, including the effect of the different oscillator strength of excitons resonances coupled to the different polarizations of light. We show that in this case, an independent adjustment of the cavity resonances is needed in order to keep a high entanglement degree. We also consider the case when the biexciton-exciton transition is also strongly coupled to a cavity mode. We show that a very fast emission rate can be achieved allowing the repetition rates close to the terahertz range. Such fast emission should however be paid for by a very complex tuning of the many strongly coupled resonances involved and by a loss of quantum efficiency. Altogether a strongly coupled dot-cavity system seems to be very promising as a source of entangled photon pairs.
A pulsed laser scenario, designed to prepare a variety of self-assembled quantum dots with nearly 100% population in a biexciton state, is proposed. We use realistic parameters for typical self-assembled quantum dots and show that two-colour sequential as well as concurrent excitation of the biexciton state can virtually eliminate unwanted exciton population and prepare a quantum dot in the biexciton state with near-deterministic accuracy. The ensuing radiative emission would be a prerequisite for a high rate, on-demand, source of entangled photons.
Nonlinear optical response of cavity polaritons formed in high-g semiconductor microcavities has attracted much attention because of their potential applications to entangled-photon sources and other quantum information technologies. Theoretical ideas of entangled-photon generation, e.g., biexcitonic cavity quantum electrodynamics and polariton-polariton scattering, have been suggested, however these theories are limited in scope of target because they restrict two-exciton states to either biexciton or unbound two-exciton states. As for exciton system with small binding energy of biexciton, it is likely that the interplay between the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states have much impact on generation efficiency of entangled photons. The authors introduces a general model including both biexciton and unbound two-exciton states and discuss generation efficiency of entangled photons.