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arXiv:1001.1206 · Physical Review Letters

Inducing Transport in a Dissipation-Free Lattice with Super Bloch Oscillations

Elmar Haller, Russell Hart, Manfred J. Mark, Johann Georg Danzl, Lukas Reichsöllner, Hanns‐Christoph Nägerl

Published May 21, 2010• 148 citations
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Abstract

Particles in a perfect lattice potential perform Bloch oscillations when subject to a constant force, leading to localization and preventing conductivity. For a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of Cs atoms, we observe giant center-of-mass oscillations in position space with a displacement across hundreds of lattice sites when we add a periodic modulation to the force near the Bloch frequency. We study the dependence of these "super" Bloch oscillations on lattice depth, modulation amplitude, and modulation frequency and show that they provide a means to induce linear transport in a dissipation-free lattice.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.104.200403

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Particles in a perfect lattice potential perform Bloch oscillations when subject to a constant force, leading to localization and preventing conductivity. For a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate of Cs atoms, we observe giant center-of-mass oscillations in position space with a displacement across hundreds of lattice sites when we add a periodic modulation to the force near the Bloch frequency. We study the dependence of these "super" Bloch oscillations on lattice depth, modulation amplitude, and modulation frequency and show that they provide a means to induce linear transport in a dissipation-free lattice.
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We predict that an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to an intracavity optical lattice can undergo resonant tunneling and directed transport when a constant and uniform bias force is applied. The bias force induces Bloch oscillations, causing amplitude and phase modulation of the lattice which resonantly modifies the site-to-site tunneling. For the right choice of parameters a net atomic current is generated. The transport velocity can be oriented oppositely to the bias force, with its amplitude and direction controlled by the detuning between the pump laser and the cavity. The transport can also be enhanced through imbalanced pumping of the two counterpropagating running wave cavity modes. Our results add to the cold atoms quantum simulation toolbox, with implications for quantum sensing and metrology.
Super-Bloch oscillations are the outcome of a relative phase between Bloch oscillations and modulations of the periodic lattice. We analyze the dynamics for a model system in which such a relative phase is intrinsically present due to the position-dependent force provided by a parabolic trap and therefore an external detuning is not required. The relative phase is not unique and the realized dynamics depends on the initial phase of the modulated parabolic potential. We provide accurate explanations for the different obtained oscillatory transport and spreading regimes by analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics in real space and by visualizing the relative phase in the k-space dynamics. We also compare our numerical results to an approximate semiclassical analytical expression for the group velocity for a modulated constant force system and find good agreement for coherent oscillations but deviations for oscillations with spreading dynamics which altogether supports the interpretations of our findings.
We report on experiments studying the transport properties of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice of spatial period $\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2n$, where nnn is an integer, realized with the dispersion of multiphoton Raman transitions. We observe Bloch oscillations, as a clear effect of quantum transport, in a subwavelength-scale periodicity lattice. An unusually large tunneling coupling between lattice sites is evident from the measured effective mass. Future prospects of the different lattice structures are expected in the search for new quantum phases in tailored lattice structures up to quantum computing in optical nanopotentials.
We present a detailed analysis of the dynamics of Bloch oscillations of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered lattice potentials. Due to the disorder and the interparticle interactions these oscillations undergo a dephasing, reflected in a damping of the center of mass oscillations, which should be observable under realistic experimental conditions. The interplay between interactions and disorder is far from trivial, ranging from an interaction-enhanced damping due to modulational instability for strong interactions, to an interaction-reduced damping due to a dynamical screening of the disorder potential.
Atomic interaction leads to dephasing and damping of Bloch oscillations (BOs) in optical lattices, which limits observation and applications of BOs. How to obtain persistent BOs is particularly important. Here, the nonlinear Bloch dynamics of the Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body and three-body interactions in deep optical lattices is studied. The damping rate induced by interactions is obtained. The damping induced by two-body interaction plays a dominant role, while the damping induced by three-body interaction is weak. However, when the two-body and three-body interactions satisfy a threshold, long-lived coherent BOs are observed. Furthermore, the Bloch dynamics with periodical modulation of linear force is studied. The frequencies of linear force corresponding to resonance and pseudoresonance are obtained, and rich dynamical phenomena, i.e., stable and strong BOs, drifting and dispersion of wave packet, are predicted. The controllable Bloch dynamics is provided with the periodic modulation of the linear force.