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arXiv:0707.3131 · Physical Review A

Dynamics of Bloch oscillations in disordered lattice potentials

T. Schulte, S. Drenkelforth, G. Kleine Büning, Wolfgang A. Ertmer, J. Arlt, Maciej Lewenstein, Luis Santos

Published Feb 6, 2008• 34 citations
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Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the dynamics of Bloch oscillations of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered lattice potentials. Due to the disorder and the interparticle interactions these oscillations undergo a dephasing, reflected in a damping of the center of mass oscillations, which should be observable under realistic experimental conditions. The interplay between interactions and disorder is far from trivial, ranging from an interaction-enhanced damping due to modulational instability for strong interactions, to an interaction-reduced damping due to a dynamical screening of the disorder potential.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.023610

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We investigate both experimentally and theoretically disorder- induced damping of Bloch oscillations of Bose–Einstein condensates in optical lattices. The spatially inhomogeneous force responsible for the damping is realized by a combination of a disordered optical and a magnetic gradient potential. We show that the inhomogeneity of this force results in a broadening of the quasimomentum spectrum, which in turn causes damping of the centre-of-mass oscillation. We quantitatively compare the obtained damping rates to the simulations using the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Our results are relevant for high precision experiments on very small forces, which require the observation of a large number of oscillation cycles.
This thesis experimentally investigates Bloch oscillations of a Rubidium-87 Bose-Einstein condensate in an disordered optical lattice. The disorder is created by superposing an additional, incommensurate optical lattice to the main lattice. Individually, collisional mean-field interactions between atoms as well as disorder both lead to a damping of the oscillations. However, we observe a competition between the two contributions, which results in an effective reduction of the disorder-induced damping due to mean-field interactions. This observation is consistent with an interaction-induced screening of the potential.
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Atomic interaction leads to dephasing and damping of Bloch oscillations (BOs) in optical lattices, which limits observation and applications of BOs. How to obtain persistent BOs is particularly important. Here, the nonlinear Bloch dynamics of the Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body and three-body interactions in deep optical lattices is studied. The damping rate induced by interactions is obtained. The damping induced by two-body interaction plays a dominant role, while the damping induced by three-body interaction is weak. However, when the two-body and three-body interactions satisfy a threshold, long-lived coherent BOs are observed. Furthermore, the Bloch dynamics with periodical modulation of linear force is studied. The frequencies of linear force corresponding to resonance and pseudoresonance are obtained, and rich dynamical phenomena, i.e., stable and strong BOs, drifting and dispersion of wave packet, are predicted. The controllable Bloch dynamics is provided with the periodic modulation of the linear force.
We study the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in tilted and driven optical superlattices. For a bichromatic lattice, each Bloch band splits up into two minibands such that the dynamics is governed by the interplay of Bloch oscillations and transitions between the bands. Thus, bichromatic potentials provide an excellent model system for the study of nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling, and they allow for a variety of applications in matter-wave interferometry and quantum metrology. In the present paper, we investigate the coherent dynamics of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate as well as its stability. Different mechanisms of instability are discussed, which lead to a rapid depletion of the condensate.