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arXiv:0711.1772 · Physical Review A

Bloch oscillations of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a subwavelength optical lattice

Tobias Salger, Gunnar Ritt, Carsten Geckeler, Sebastian Kling, Martin Weitz

Published Jan 21, 2009• 17 citations
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Abstract

We report on experiments studying the transport properties of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice of spatial period $\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2n$, where $n$ is an integer, realized with the dispersion of multiphoton Raman transitions. We observe Bloch oscillations, as a clear effect of quantum transport, in a subwavelength-scale periodicity lattice. An unusually large tunneling coupling between lattice sites is evident from the measured effective mass. Future prospects of the different lattice structures are expected in the search for new quantum phases in tailored lattice structures up to quantum computing in optical nanopotentials.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.011605

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We report on experiments studying the transport properties of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice of spatial period \ensuremathλ∕2n\ensuremath{\lambda}∕2n\ensuremathλ∕2n, where nnn is an integer, realized with the dispersion of multiphoton Raman transitions. We observe Bloch oscillations, as a clear effect of quantum transport, in a subwavelength-scale periodicity lattice. An unusually large tunneling coupling between lattice sites is evident from the measured effective mass. Future prospects of the different lattice structures are expected in the search for new quantum phases in tailored lattice structures up to quantum computing in optical nanopotentials.
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We report on experiments investigating quantum transport and band interferometry of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with a two-band miniband structure, realized with a Fourier-synthesized optical lattice potential. Bloch-Zener oscillations, the coherent superposition of Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling between the two bands are observed. When the relative phase between paths in different bands is varied, an interference signal is observed, demonstrating the coherence of the dynamics in the miniband system. Measured fringe patterns of this Stückelberg interferometer allow to interferometrically map out the band structure of the optical lattice over the full Brillouin zone.
Experiments on atomic Bose-Einstein condensates inside quasi-one-dimensional optical lattices and related developments in the realization of atom lasers are currently at the frontiers in atomic physics. We give a short review of theoretical progress in evaluating the coherent transport of matter in such configurations, which has been based on an adaptation of the Wannier function representation of quasi-particle states in periodic potentials and on the use of advanced numerical methods for the solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We present various methods by which the band structure of the elementary excitations of a periodic condensate may be probed and describe in terms of Bloch oscillations the coherent emission of matter pulses from a condensate inside an optical lattice under the force of gravity. A harmonic force can be applied to a condensate inside a magnetic trap by a rapid displacement of the center of the trap and a transition of the condensate from superfluid to dissipative behavior is driven by superposing an optical lattice. Finally, in the superfluid regime the combination of a constant force and a harmonic force in the presence of an optical lattice drives Josephson-type oscillations of the condensate, leading to observable resonances and multimode behavior.