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arXiv:0909.2707 · Physical Review Letters

Universal Relations for Nonsolvable Statistical Models

G. Benfatto, Pierluigi Falco, Vieri Mastropietro

Published Feb 16, 2010• 29 citations
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Abstract

We present the first rigorous derivation of a number of universal relations for a class of models with continuously varying indices (among which are interacting planar Ising models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems), for which an exact solution is not known, except in a few special cases. Most of these formulas were conjectured by Luther and Peschel, Kadanoff, and Haldane, but only checked in the special solvable models; one of them, related to the anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model, is novel.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.104.075701

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We present the first rigorous derivation of a number of universal relations for a class of models with continuously varying indices (among which are interacting planar Ising models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems), for which an exact solution is not known, except in a few special cases. Most of these formulas were conjectured by Luther and Peschel, Kadanoff, and Haldane, but only checked in the special solvable models; one of them, related to the anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model, is novel.
believed to be true in a wide class of systems with continuously varying indices, among which are interacting planar Ising models, vertex or Ashkin-Teller models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems; by such relations one can predict several quantities in terms of a few measurable parameters without relying on the specific microscopic details. The validity of such relations can be checked in special solvable models but, despite several attempts, the proof of their general validity was up to now an open problem. A rigorous derivation of several of such relations (for solvable and not solvable models and without any use of exact solutions) has been recently obtained in [8] and [11] through Renormalization Group methods. The proof is based on the representation in terms of Grassmann integrals and the validity of the Adler-Bardeen property of the non renormalization of the quantum anomalies in the asymptotic Ward identities. Gauge invariance is exact only in the scaling limit but the lattice corrections can be rigorously taken into account.
Recently, a rigorous foundation of several aspects of the theory of universality for statistical mechanics models with continuously varying exponents (among which are interacting planar Ising models, quantum spin chains, and one-dimensional Fermi systems) has been reached; it has its root in the mapping of such systems into fermionic interacting theories and uses the modern renormalization group methods developed in the context of constructive quantum field theory. No use of exact solutions is done and the analysis applies either to solvable or not solvable models. A review of such developments will be given here.
We prove the exact relations between the critical exponents and the susceptibility, implied by the Haldane Luttinger liquid conjecture, for a generic lattice fermionic model or a quantum spin chain with short range weak interaction. The validity of such relations was only checked in some special solvable models, but there was up to now no proof of their validity in non-solvable models. 1 Introduction and Main results One dimensional (1D) electron systems can be experimentally realized [1, 2] and their properties can be measured with increasing precision. Realistic models are very difficult to study and most of the theoretical predictions for such systems (for some recent experiments see [3]) are based on a number of
The Luttinger model owes its solvability to a number of peculiar features, like its linear relativistic dispersion relation, which are absent in more realistic fermionic systems. Nevertheless according to the Luttinger liquid conjecture a number of relations between exponents and other physical quantities, which are valid in the Luttinger model, are believed to be true in a wide class of systems, including tight binding or jellium one-dimensional fermionic systems. Recently a rigorous proof of several Luttinger liquid relations in nonsolvable models has been achieved; it is based on exact Renormalization Group methods coming from Constructive Quantum Field Theory and its main steps will be reviewed below.
It is widely believed that the critical properties of several planar lattice models, like the Eight Vertex or the Ashkin-Teller models, are well described by an effective Quantum Field Theory obtained as formal scaling limit. On the basis of this assumption several extended scaling relations among their indices were conjectured. We prove the validity of some of them, among which the ones by Kadanoff, [13], and by Luther and Peschel, [16]. 1 Introduction and main results Integrable models in statistical mechanics, like the Ising or the Eight vertex (8V) models in two dimensions, provide conceptual laboratories for the understanding of phase transitions. Integrability is however a rather delicate property requiring very special features, and it is usually lost in more realistic models.