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Universality relations in non-solvable quantum spin chains

G. Benfatto, Vieri Mastropietro

Published Jan 1, 2009• 10 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We prove the exact relations between the critical exponents and the susceptibility, implied by the Haldane Luttinger liquid conjecture, for a generic lattice fermionic model or a quantum spin chain with short range weak interaction. The validity of such relations was only checked in some special solvable models, but there was up to now no proof of their validity in non-solvable models. 1 Introduction and Main results One dimensional (1D) electron systems can be experimentally realized [1, 2] and their properties can be measured with increasing precision. Realistic models are very difficult to study and most of the theoretical predictions for such systems (for some recent experiments see [3]) are based on a number of

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We prove the exact relations between the critical exponents and the susceptibility, implied by the Haldane Luttinger liquid conjecture, for a generic lattice fermionic model or a quantum spin chain with short range weak interaction. The validity of such relations was only checked in some special solvable models, but there was up to now no proof of their validity in non-solvable models. 1 Introduction and Main results One dimensional (1D) electron systems can be experimentally realized [1, 2] and their properties can be measured with increasing precision. Realistic models are very difficult to study and most of the theoretical predictions for such systems (for some recent experiments see [3]) are based on a number of
For a quantum spin chain or 1D fermionic system, we prove that the Drude weight D verifies the universal Luttinger liquid relation v 2 s = D/κ, where κ is the susceptibility and vs is the Fermi velocity. This result is proved by rigorous Renormalization Group methods and is true for any weakly interacting system, regardless its integrablity. This paper, combined with [1], completes the proof of the Luttinger liquid conjecture for such systems. 1 Introduction and main result Quantum spin chains and one dimensional Fermi systems have been the subject of an intense theoretical investigation for decades, either for their remarkable properties or for the fact that they can be experimentally realized in systems like quantum spin chain models (KCuF3) [2] or carbon nanotubes [3]. We consider a quantum spin chain model
The critical behavior of one-dimensional interacting Fermi systems is expected to display universality features, called Luttinger liquid behavior. Critical exponents and certain thermodynamic quantities are expected to be related among each others by model-independent formulas. We establish such relations, the proof of which has represented a challenging mathematical problem, for a general model of spinning fermions on a one dimensional lattice; interactions are short ranged and satisfy a positivity condition which makes the model critical at zero temperature. Proofs are reported in two papers: in the present one, we demonstrate that the zero temperature response functions in the thermodynamic limit are Borel summable and have anomalous power-law decay with multiplicative logarithmic corrections. Critical exponents are expressed in terms of convergent expansions and depend on all the model details. All results are valid for the special case of the Hubbard model. 1 Main Results 1.1
The Luttinger model owes its solvability to a number of peculiar features, like its linear relativistic dispersion relation, which are absent in more realistic fermionic systems. Nevertheless according to the Luttinger liquid conjecture a number of relations between exponents and other physical quantities, which are valid in the Luttinger model, are believed to be true in a wide class of systems, including tight binding or jellium one-dimensional fermionic systems. Recently a rigorous proof of several Luttinger liquid relations in nonsolvable models has been achieved; it is based on exact Renormalization Group methods coming from Constructive Quantum Field Theory and its main steps will be reviewed below.
believed to be true in a wide class of systems with continuously varying indices, among which are interacting planar Ising models, vertex or Ashkin-Teller models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems; by such relations one can predict several quantities in terms of a few measurable parameters without relying on the specific microscopic details. The validity of such relations can be checked in special solvable models but, despite several attempts, the proof of their general validity was up to now an open problem. A rigorous derivation of several of such relations (for solvable and not solvable models and without any use of exact solutions) has been recently obtained in [8] and [11] through Renormalization Group methods. The proof is based on the representation in terms of Grassmann integrals and the validity of the Adler-Bardeen property of the non renormalization of the quantum anomalies in the asymptotic Ward identities. Gauge invariance is exact only in the scaling limit but the lattice corrections can be rigorously taken into account.
The Luttinger model owes its solvability to a number of peculiar features, like its linear relativistic dispersion relation, which are absent in more realistic fermionic systems. Nevertheless according to the Luttinger liquid conjecture a number of relations between exponents and other physical quantities, which are valid in the Luttinger model, are believed to be true in a wide class of systems, including tight binding or jellium one-dimensional fermionic systems. Recently a rigorous proof of several Luttinger liquid relations in nonsolvable models has been achieved; it is based on exact Renormalization Group methods coming from Constructive Quantum Field Theory and its main steps will be reviewed below.
We present the first rigorous derivation of a number of universal relations for a class of models with continuously varying indices (among which are interacting planar Ising models, quantum spin chains and 1D Fermi systems), for which an exact solution is not known, except in a few special cases. Most of these formulas were conjectured by Luther and Peschel, Kadanoff, and Haldane, but only checked in the special solvable models; one of them, related to the anisotropic Ashkin-Teller model, is novel.