Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:0906.1129 · Physical Review A

Multi-normal-mode splitting of a cavity in the presence of atoms: A step towards the superstrong-coupling regime

X. D. Yu, Dezhi Xiong, Haixia Chen, Pengjun Wang, Min Xiao, Jing Zhang

Published Jun 18, 2009• 19 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Multi-normal-mode splitting peaks are experimentally observed in a system with Doppler-broadened two-level atoms inside a relatively long optical cavity. In this system, the atom-cavity interaction can reach the ``superstrong-coupling'' condition with atom-cavity coupling strength $g\sqrt{N}$ to be near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\text{FSR}}$. In such case, normal-mode splitting can occur in many cavity longitudinal modes to generate the multi-normal-mode splitting peaks, which can be well explained by the linear-dispersion enhancement due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity. Many new interesting phenomena might come out of this superstrong atom-cavity coupling regime.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.79.061803

Related papers

Multi-normal mode-splitting for an optical cavity with electromagnetically induced transparency medium

X. D. Yu, Jing Zhang

We theoretically study the cavity transmission spectra with three-level atoms coupled by a coherent external control field in the superstrong coupling regime (atoms-cavity coupling strength g [square root] N is near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range DeltaFSR). When satisfying the superstrong coupling condition by increasing the number of the interaction atoms, more than one FSR cavity modes interact with atoms and each mode will split three peaks, which can be well explained by the linear dispersion enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency medium due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity.

Optics Express•Feb 16, 2010•8 citations

Transmission spectrum of Doppler-broadened two-level atoms in a cavity in the strong-coupling regime

Julio R. Gea-Banacloche, Haibin Wu, Min Xiao

We present the theory of ``normal mode splitting'' (sometimes also called, in the low-intensity limit, ``vacuum Rabi splitting'') for a Doppler-broadened two-level medium in an optical cavity, and illustrate it with experimental results. We note that, in the extreme Doppler limit, the absorptive and dispersive properties of the medium are due to almost completely different groups of atoms, and hence it is possible, in principle, to partially saturate the absorbing atoms without changing the dispersion very much; as a result of this, for a sufficiently high probe intensity, transmission peaks well within the Doppler absorption profile are visible, even though the medium is optically dense. Some interesting features exhibited by this system in various regimes are transmission peaks that are unrelated to the ``zero-phase'' condition, and three-peaked transmission spectra for high atomic density and high cavity input power.

Physical Review A•Aug 19, 2008•23 citations

Normal-mode splitting of four-level atom-cavity system under collective strong coupling

Zheng Tan, Liyong Wang, Min Liu +3 more

We investigate the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with four-level atoms. Multiple normal-mode splitting peaks of the strongly coupled atom-cavity system are obtained as single cavity mode couples three separated atomic transitions simultaneously. We employ a confocal optical cavity and an ensemble of cold Rb-85 atoms for cavity quantum electrodynamics. We observe four normal-mode splitting peaks of the cavity transmission in the strong coupling regime due to collective enhancement of the atom-cavity coupling strength by ensemble of cold atoms. The experimental observations are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The multiple normal-mode excitation in the strongly coupled multi-level atom-cavity system may lead to practical application for realizing multi-channel all-optical devices.

arXiv:1901.00127•Jan 1, 2019•5 citations

Splitting of atom-cavity polariton peaks for three-level atoms in an optical cavity

Haibin Wu, Julio R. Gea-Banacloche, Min Xiao

We explore the high-density, nonlinear regime of atom-cavity coupling for a gas of three-level atoms at high temperature inside an optical cavity, interacting with the cavity field and a strong driving field. We find a region of parameters where the two side peaks in the transmission spectrum (which, in the linear regime, are associated with ``bright polaritons'') split into two pairs of peaks. Experimental results are presented along with a theoretical model that indicates that this phenomenon is unique to the three-level system in the large Doppler-broadening regime.

Physical Review A•Sep 3, 2009•16 citations

Superstrong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics

D. Meiser, Pierre Meystre

We describe a qualitatively different regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics, the superstrong coupling regime. This regime is characterized by atom-field coupling strengths of the order of the free spectral range of the cavity, resulting in a significant change in the spatial mode functions of the light field. It can be reached in practice for cold atoms trapped in an optical dipole potential inside the resonator. We present a nonperturbative scheme that allows us to calculate the frequencies and linewidths of the modified field modes, thereby providing a good starting point for a quantization of the theory.

arXiv:quant-ph/0605020•Physical Review A•Dec 4, 2006•79 citations

Understanding cavity resonances with intracavity dispersion properties

Jiteng Sheng, Haibin Wu, Mambwe Mumba +2 more

We experimentally study the strongly coupled three-level atom-cavity system at both cavity and coupling frequency detuning cases. Side peak splitting and anti-crossing-like phenomena are observed under different experimental conditions. Intracavity dispersion properties are used to explain qualitatively the complicated cavity resonance structures in the composite system of inhomogeneously broadened three-level atoms inside an optical ring cavity with relatively strong driving intensities.

Physical Review A•Feb 28, 2011•21 citations
Multi-normal-mode splitting peaks are experimentally observed in a system with Doppler-broadened two-level atoms inside a relatively long optical cavity. In this system, the atom-cavity interaction can reach the ``superstrong-coupling'' condition with atom-cavity coupling strength gNg\sqrt{N}gN​ to be near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range \ensuremathΔFSR{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\text{FSR}}\ensuremathΔFSR​. In such case, normal-mode splitting can occur in many cavity longitudinal modes to generate the multi-normal-mode splitting peaks, which can be well explained by the linear-dispersion enhancement due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity. Many new interesting phenomena might come out of this superstrong atom-cavity coupling regime.
We theoretically study the cavity transmission spectra with three-level atoms coupled by a coherent external control field in the superstrong coupling regime (atoms-cavity coupling strength g [square root] N is near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range DeltaFSR). When satisfying the superstrong coupling condition by increasing the number of the interaction atoms, more than one FSR cavity modes interact with atoms and each mode will split three peaks, which can be well explained by the linear dispersion enhancement of electromagnetically induced transparency medium due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity.
We present the theory of ``normal mode splitting'' (sometimes also called, in the low-intensity limit, ``vacuum Rabi splitting'') for a Doppler-broadened two-level medium in an optical cavity, and illustrate it with experimental results. We note that, in the extreme Doppler limit, the absorptive and dispersive properties of the medium are due to almost completely different groups of atoms, and hence it is possible, in principle, to partially saturate the absorbing atoms without changing the dispersion very much; as a result of this, for a sufficiently high probe intensity, transmission peaks well within the Doppler absorption profile are visible, even though the medium is optically dense. Some interesting features exhibited by this system in various regimes are transmission peaks that are unrelated to the ``zero-phase'' condition, and three-peaked transmission spectra for high atomic density and high cavity input power.
We investigate the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with four-level atoms. Multiple normal-mode splitting peaks of the strongly coupled atom-cavity system are obtained as single cavity mode couples three separated atomic transitions simultaneously. We employ a confocal optical cavity and an ensemble of cold Rb-85 atoms for cavity quantum electrodynamics. We observe four normal-mode splitting peaks of the cavity transmission in the strong coupling regime due to collective enhancement of the atom-cavity coupling strength by ensemble of cold atoms. The experimental observations are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The multiple normal-mode excitation in the strongly coupled multi-level atom-cavity system may lead to practical application for realizing multi-channel all-optical devices.
We explore the high-density, nonlinear regime of atom-cavity coupling for a gas of three-level atoms at high temperature inside an optical cavity, interacting with the cavity field and a strong driving field. We find a region of parameters where the two side peaks in the transmission spectrum (which, in the linear regime, are associated with ``bright polaritons'') split into two pairs of peaks. Experimental results are presented along with a theoretical model that indicates that this phenomenon is unique to the three-level system in the large Doppler-broadening regime.
We describe a qualitatively different regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics, the superstrong coupling regime. This regime is characterized by atom-field coupling strengths of the order of the free spectral range of the cavity, resulting in a significant change in the spatial mode functions of the light field. It can be reached in practice for cold atoms trapped in an optical dipole potential inside the resonator. We present a nonperturbative scheme that allows us to calculate the frequencies and linewidths of the modified field modes, thereby providing a good starting point for a quantization of the theory.