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arXiv:1901.00127

Normal-mode splitting of four-level atom-cavity system under collective strong coupling

Zheng Tan, Liyong Wang, Min Liu, Yifu Zhu, Jin Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Jan 1, 2019• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with four-level atoms. Multiple normal-mode splitting peaks of the strongly coupled atom-cavity system are obtained as single cavity mode couples three separated atomic transitions simultaneously. We employ a confocal optical cavity and an ensemble of cold Rb-85 atoms for cavity quantum electrodynamics. We observe four normal-mode splitting peaks of the cavity transmission in the strong coupling regime due to collective enhancement of the atom-cavity coupling strength by ensemble of cold atoms. The experimental observations are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The multiple normal-mode excitation in the strongly coupled multi-level atom-cavity system may lead to practical application for realizing multi-channel all-optical devices.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1901.00127

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Multi-normal-mode splitting peaks are experimentally observed in a system with Doppler-broadened two-level atoms inside a relatively long optical cavity. In this system, the atom-cavity interaction can reach the ``superstrong-coupling'' condition with atom-cavity coupling strength gNg\sqrt{N}gN​ to be near or larger than the cavity free-spectral range ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{\text{FSR}}$. In such case, normal-mode splitting can occur in many cavity longitudinal modes to generate the multi-normal-mode splitting peaks, which can be well explained by the linear-dispersion enhancement due to the largely increased atomic density in the cavity. Many new interesting phenomena might come out of this superstrong atom-cavity coupling regime.
We present experiments on ensemble cavity quantum electrodynamics with cold potassium atoms in a high-finesse ring cavity.Potassium-39 atoms are cooled in a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap and transferred to a three-dimensional trap which intersects the cavity mode.The apparatus is described in detail and the first observations of strong coupling with potassium atoms are presented.Collective strong coupling of atoms and light is demonstrated via the splitting of the cavity transmission spectrum and the avoided crossing of the normal modes.
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Collective coupling of multiple atoms with a cavity mode produces two normal modes that are separated in energy by Vacuum Rabi splitting. We show that the normal mode excitation of the cavity-atom system can be suppressed by coupling a control laser to the atomic system from free space. The control laser splits the normal mode of the cavity-atoms system and opens two excitation channels. The destructive quantum interference between the two channels renders the cavity-atoms system opaque to the light coupled to the cavity-atom system. We demonstrate suppression of the normal mode excitation by the destructive quantum interference in an experiment using cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity.
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