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arXiv:0906.1110 · Physical Review Letters

Dynamical Creation of a Supersolid in Asymmetric Mixtures of Bosons

Tassilo Keilmann, J. I. Cirac, Tommaso Roscilde

Published Jun 26, 2009• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a scheme to dynamically create a supersolid state in an optical lattice, using an attractive mixture of mass-imbalanced bosons. Starting from a "molecular" quantum crystal, supersolidity is induced dynamically as an out-of-equilibrium state. When neighboring molecular wave functions overlap, both bosonic species simultaneously exhibit quasicondensation and long-range solid order, which is stabilized by their mass imbalance. Supersolidity appears in a perfect one-dimensional crystal, without the requirement of doping. Our model can be realized in present experiments with bosonic mixtures that feature simple on-site interactions, clearing the path to the observation of supersolidity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.102.255304

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We propose a scheme to dynamically create a supersolid state in an optical lattice, using an attractive mixture of mass-imbalanced bosons. Starting from a "molecular" quantum crystal, supersolidity is induced dynamically as an out-of-equilibrium state. When neighboring molecular wave functions overlap, both bosonic species simultaneously exhibit quasicondensation and long-range solid order, which is stabilized by their mass imbalance. Supersolidity appears in a perfect one-dimensional crystal, without the requirement of doping. Our model can be realized in present experiments with bosonic mixtures that feature simple on-site interactions, clearing the path to the observation of supersolidity.
It is well known that the supersolid form of matter can arise in a single species of cold bosonic atoms in an optical lattice due to long range interactions. We present a scenario where a supersolid is induced in one of the components of a mixture of two species bosonic atoms where there is no long range interactions. We study a system of normal and hardcore boson mixture with only the former possessing long range interactions. We consider three cases: the first where the total density is commensurate and the other two where they are incommensurate . By suitable choices of the densities and the interaction strengths of the atoms, we predict that the charge density wave and the supersolid orders can be induced in the hardcore species as a result of the competing interatomic interactions.
We present a scenario where a supersolid is induced in one of the components of a mixture of two species bosonic atoms where there are no long-range interactions. We study a system of normal and hard-core boson mixture with only the former possessing long-range interactions. We consider three cases: the first where the total density is commensurate and the other two where it is incommensurate to the lattice. By suitable choices of the densities of normal and hard-core bosons and the interaction strengths between them, we predict that the charge density wave and the supersolid orders can be induced in the hard-core species as a result of the competing interatomic interactions.
In condensed-matter physics, long-range correlations introduce quantum states of matter that challenge intuition. For example, supersolids combine density order that manifests as symmetry-breaking spatial arrangement, and frictionless superfluid flow. However, supersolids have proven to only exist under very stringent conditions, with evidence limited to a few spontaneously fragmented superfluids observed in the weakly-interacting regime. Here, we demonstrate a framework to realize crystalline supersolids in the strong interaction regime, by confining dipolar bosons in a lattice with long-range hopping. We show that dipolar excitons realize this lattice model. At fractional lattice fillings of one quarter, one third and one half we observe mesoscopic quantum crystals across around 100 sites that spontaneously break the lattice translational symmetry. At the same time, coherent long-range hopping induces off-diagonal long-range order such that the exciton solids are superfluids. Our numerical methods quantitatively confirm that supersolidity builds up in the ground-state of the lattice Hamiltonian.
Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we study a mixture of bosons and fermions loaded on an optical lattice. With simple on-site repulsive interactions, this system can be driven into a solid phase. We dope this phase and, in analogy with pure bosonic systems, identify the conditions under which the bosons enter a supersolid phase, i.e., exhibit at the same time charge density-wave and superfluid order. We perform finite-size scaling analysis to confirm the presence of a supersolid phase and discuss its properties, showing that it is a collective phase that also involve phase coherence of the fermions.
The competition between tunneling and interactions in bosonic lattice models generates a whole variety of different quantum phases. While, in the presence of a single species interacting via on site interaction, the phase diagram presents only superfluid or Mott insulating phases, for long-range interactions or multiple species, exotic phases such as supersolid or pair-superfluid appear. In this Letter, we show for the first time that the coexistence of effective multiple species and long-range interactions leads to the formation of a novel pair-supersolid phase, namely, a supersolid of composites. We propose a possible implementation with dipolar bosons in a bilayer two-dimensional optical lattice.
Recent experiments have illustrated that long-range two-body interactions can be induced by laser coupling atoms to highly excited Rydberg states. Stimulated by this achievement, we study the supersolidity of lattice bosons in an experimentally relevant situation. In our setup, we consider two-component atoms on a square lattice, where one species is weakly dressed to an electronically high-lying (Rydberg) state, generating a tunable, soft-core shape long-range interaction. Interactions between atoms of the second species and between the two species are characterized by local inter- and intraspecies interactions. Using a dynamical mean-field calculation, we find that interspecies on-site interactions can stabilize a pronounced region of supersolid phases. This is characterized by two distinctive types of supersolids, where the bare species forms supersolid phases that are immersed in strongly correlated quantum phases, i.e., a crystalline solid or supersolid of the dressed atoms. We show that the interspecies interaction leads to a rotonlike instability in the bare species and therefore is crucially important to the supersolid formation. We provide a detailed calculation of the interaction potential to show how our results can be explored under current experimental conditions.