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arXiv:0904.1552 · Physical Review Letters

Pair-Supersolid Phase in a Bilayer System of Dipolar Lattice Bosons

C. Trefzger, C. Menotti, Maciej Lewenstein

Published Jul 17, 2009• 95 citations
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Abstract

The competition between tunneling and interactions in bosonic lattice models generates a whole variety of different quantum phases. While, in the presence of a single species interacting via on site interaction, the phase diagram presents only superfluid or Mott insulating phases, for long-range interactions or multiple species, exotic phases such as supersolid or pair-superfluid appear. In this Letter, we show for the first time that the coexistence of effective multiple species and long-range interactions leads to the formation of a novel pair-supersolid phase, namely, a supersolid of composites. We propose a possible implementation with dipolar bosons in a bilayer two-dimensional optical lattice.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.103.035304

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The competition between tunneling and interactions in bosonic lattice models generates a whole variety of different quantum phases. While, in the presence of a single species interacting via on site interaction, the phase diagram presents only superfluid or Mott insulating phases, for long-range interactions or multiple species, exotic phases such as supersolid or pair-superfluid appear. In this Letter, we show for the first time that the coexistence of effective multiple species and long-range interactions leads to the formation of a novel pair-supersolid phase, namely, a supersolid of composites. We propose a possible implementation with dipolar bosons in a bilayer two-dimensional optical lattice.
We investigate a system of two- and three-body constrained dipolar bosons in a pair of one-dimensional optical lattices coupled to each other by nonlocal dipole-dipole interactions. Assuming attractive dipole-dipole interactions, we obtain the ground-state phase diagram of the system by employing the cluster mean-field theory. The competition between the repulsive on-site and attractive nearest-neighbor interactions between the chains yields three kinds of superfluids, namely, the trimer superfluid, the pair superfluid, and the usual single-particle superfluid along with the insulating Mott phase at the commensurate density. Additionally, we realize the simultaneous existence of Mott insulator and superfluid phases for the two- and three-body constrained bosons, respectively. We also analyze the stability of these quantum phases in the presence of a harmonic trap potential.
We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined to a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned perpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely repulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the Worm Algorithm. Besides a superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that, unlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighboring interaction, supersolid phases are stabilized not only by doping the solids with particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation and the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry, and suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can be observed.
We study the phase diagram of a system of soft-core dipolar bosons confined to a two-dimensional optical lattice layer. We assume that dipoles are aligned perpendicular to the layer such that the dipolar interactions are purely repulsive and isotropic. We consider the full dipolar interaction and perform path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations using the worm algorithm. Besides a superfluid phase, we find various solid and supersolid phases. We show that, unlike what was found previously for the case of nearest-neighbor interaction, supersolid phases are stabilized by doping the solids not only with particles but with holes as well. We further study the stability of these quantum phases against thermal fluctuations. Finally, we discuss pair formation and the stability of the pair checkerboard phase formed in a bilayer geometry, and we suggest experimental conditions under which the pair checkerboard phase can be observed.
Motivated by the recent experiment on the Bose-Einstein condensation of 52^{52}52Cr atoms with long-range dipolar interactions (Werner J. et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 94 (2005) 183201), we consider a system of bosons with repulsive nearest and next-nearest neighbor interactions in an optical lattice. The ground state phase diagram, calculated using the Gutzwiller ansatz, shows, apart from the superfluid (SF) and the Mott insulator (MI), two modulated phases, \textit{i.e.}, the charge density wave (CDW) and the supersolid (SS). Excitation spectra are also calculated which show a gap in the insulators, gapless, phonon mode in the superfluid and the supersolid, and a mode softening of superfluid excitations in the vicinity of the modulated phases. We discuss the possibility of observing these phases in cold dipolar atoms and propose experiments to detect them.
We investigate the formation of paired states of bosons in an optical lattice, namely, pair superfluid (PSF) and pair supersolid (PSS) in the presence of pair hopping as well as the next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interaction mimicking long-range forces. Both the zero- and finite-temperature phase diagrams are obtained using the cluster mean-field theory, which includes the effect of correlations systematically. We also compute the low-energy excitations, which capture the characteristic features of such paired states and their transitions. Apart from the gapless sound mode due to the PSF order, a gapped mode also appears in the PSF phase, similar to the Higgs mode of the usual atomic superfluid (ASF). The PSF to ASF transition exhibits an intriguing behavior due to the existence of a ``tricritical'' point, where the nature of transition changes. As a consequence of the continuous PSF-ASF transition, the gapped mode of both the phases becomes gapless at the critical point. For sufficiently strong NNN interaction strength, a PSS phase appears with coexisting pair superfluidity and stripe density order. The softening of the roton mode as a precursor of density ordering and the appearance of a low-energy gapped mode serve as robust features related to the formation of the PSS phase. We also investigate the melting of PSF and PSS phases to normal fluid at finite temperatures, particularly the melting pathway of PSS, which occurs in at least two steps due to the coexisting orders. Finally, we discuss the possibility of emulating such exotic phases in the ongoing cold atom experiments.
A high-finesse optical cavity allows the establishment of long-range interactions between bosons in an optical lattice when most cold-atom experiments are restricted to short-range interactions. Supersolid phases have recently been experimentally observed in such systems. Using both exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations and the Gutzwiller approximation, we study the ground-state phase diagrams of a two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with infinite-range interactions which describes such experiments. In addition to superfluid and insulating Mott phases, the infinite-range checkerboard interactions introduce charge-density waves and supersolid phases. We study here the system at various particle densities, elucidate the nature of the phases and quantum phase transitions, and discuss the stability of the phases with respect to phase separation. In particular we confirm the existence and stability of a supersolid phase detected experimentally.