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arXiv:0903.2454 · Physical Review A

Experimental filtering of two-, four-, and six-photon singlets from a single parametric down-conversion source

Magnus Rådmark, Marcin Wieśniak, Marek Żukowski, Mohamed Bourennane

Published Oct 5, 2009• 56 citations
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Abstract

Invariant entangled states remain unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their subsystems. We experimentally generate and characterize such invariant two-, four-, and six-photon polarization entangled states. This is done only with a suitable filtering procedure of multiple emissions of entangled photon pairs from a single source without any interferometric overlaps. We get the desired states utilizing bosonic emission enhancement due to indistinguishability. The setup is very stable and gives high interference contrasts. Thus, the process is a very likely candidate for various photonic demonstrations of quantum information protocols.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.040302

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Invariant entangled states remain unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their subsystems. We experimentally generate and characterize such invariant two-, four-, and six-photon polarization entangled states. This is done only with a suitable filtering procedure of multiple emissions of entangled photon pairs from a single source without any interferometric overlaps. We get the desired states utilizing bosonic emission enhancement due to indistinguishability. The setup is very stable and gives high interference contrasts. Thus, the process is a very likely candidate for various photonic demonstrations of quantum information protocols.
Invariant entangled states remain unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their subsystems.We experimentally generate and characterize such invariant two-, four-, and six-photon polarization entangled states.This is done only with a suitable filtering procedure of multiple emissions of entangled photon pairs from a single source without any interferometric overlaps.We get the desired states utilizing bosonic emission enhancement due to indistinguishability.The setup is very stable and gives high interference contrasts.Thus, the process is a very likely candidate for various photonic demonstrations of quantum information protocols.
Invariant multiqubit entangled states, remaining unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents, can be applied for decoherence-free encoding, quantum communication without sharing a common reference frame, telecloning and secret sharing. They also have properties which are interesting in studies of foundations of quantum mechanics. We experimentally generate and characterize such an invariant six-photon polarization entangled state. This is done solely with a suitable filtering procedure of triple emissions of entangled photon pairs from a single source, without any need for interferometric overlaps. We report the experimental observation of the invariant six-photon polarization entangled state, given by the superposition of a six-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and two products of three-qubit states. To verify that we actually are dealing with genuine entanglement we have derived a reduced entanglement witness, capable of affirming genuine six-partite entanglement with only three measurement settings.
Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information schemes andin the last years the research on multi-qubit entanglement has drawn lots ofattention. In this thesis the experimental generation and characterization ofmulti-qubit entanglement is presented. The qubits are implemented in the polarizationdegree of freedom of photons and we have prepared genuine entangledstates of two, four and six photons. We emphasize that one type of states thatwe produce are invariant entangled states, remaining unchanged under simultaneousidentical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents.Such states can be applied to e.g. decoherence-free encoding, quantum communicationwithout sharing a common reference frame, quantum telecloning,secret sharing and remote state preparation schemes.In the experimental implementation we use a single source of entangledphoton pairs and extract the first, second and third order parametric downconversion.The multi-order processes are not entirely spontaneous, as we getthe right states utilizing bosonic emission enhancement due to indistinguishability.Despite the achievement of six-photon entangled states, is the setupcompletely free from interferometric overlaps making it robust and contributingto high fidelities of the generated states. The analysis results of our experimentalstates are in very good agreement with theory and also show very highvisibilities in their correlations.
Entanglement is a key resource in many quantum information schemes and in the last years the research on multi-qubit entanglement has drawn lots of attention. In this thesis the experimental generation and characterisation of multi-qubit entanglement is presented. Specifically we have prepared entangled states of up to six qubits. The qubits were implemented in the polarisation degree of freedom of single photons. We emphasise that one type of states that we produce are rotationally invariant states, remaining unchanged under simultaneous identical unitary transformations of all their individual constituents. Such states can be applied to e.g. decoherence-free encoding, quantum communication without sharing a common reference frame, quantum telecloning, secret sharing and remote state preparation schemes. They also have properties which are interesting in studies of foundations of quantum mechanics. In the experimental implementation we use a single source of entangled photon pairs, based on parametric down-conversion, and extract the first, second and third order events. Our experimental setup is completely free from interferometric overlaps, making it robust and contributing to a high fidelity of the generated states. To our knowledge, the achieved fidelity is the highest that has been observed for six-qubit entangled states and our measurement results are in very good agreement with predictions of quantum theory. We have also performed another novel test of the foundations of quantum mechanics. It is based on an inequality that is fulfilled by any non-contextual hidden variable theory, but can be violated by quantum mechanics. This test is similar to Bell inequality tests, which rule out local hidden variable theories as possible completions of quantum mechanics. Here, however, we show that non-contextual hidden variable theories cannot explain certain experimental results, which are consistent with quantum mechanics. Hence, neither of these theories can be used to make quantum mechanics complete.
Abstract Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots find several applications in quantum information processing due to their high single-photon indistinguishability, on-demand generation, and low multiphoton emission. In this context, the generation of entangled photons represents a challenging task with a possible solution relying on the interference in probabilistic gates of identical photons emitted at different pulses from the same source. In this work, we implement this approach via a simple and compact design that generates entangled photon pairs in the polarization degree of freedom. We operate the proposed platform with single photons produced through two different pumping schemes, the resonant excited one and the longitudinal-acoustic phonon-assisted configuration. We then characterize the produced entangled two-photon states by developing a complete model taking into account relevant experimental parameters, such as the second-order correlation function, Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility, multiphoton emission and pump laser filtering. Our source shows long-term stability and high quality of the generated entangled states, thus constituting a reliable building block for optical quantum technologies.