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arXiv:0901.2914 · Optics Express

Nonclassical 2-photon interference with separate intrinsically narrowband fibre sources

M. Halder, J. Fulconis, B. Cemlyn, A. Clark, C. Xiong, W. J. Wadsworth, J. G. Rarity

Published Mar 9, 2009• 116 citations
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Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate a source of photon pairs based on four-wave-mixing in photonic crystal fibres. Careful engineering of the phase matching conditions in the fibres enables us to create photon pairs at 597 nm and 860 nm in an intrinsically factorable state showing no spectral correlations. This allows for heralding one photon in a pure state and hence renders narrow band filtering obsolete. The source is narrow band, bright and achieves an overall detection efficiency of up to 21% per photon. For the first time, a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with unfiltered photons from separate fibre sources is presented.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.004670

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In this paper, we demonstrate a source of photon pairs based on four-wave-mixing in photonic crystal fibres. Careful engineering of the phase matching conditions in the fibres enables us to create photon pairs at 597 nm and 860 nm in an intrinsically factorable state showing no spectral correlations. This allows for heralding one photon in a pure state and hence renders narrow band filtering obsolete. The source is narrow band, bright and achieves an overall detection efficiency of up to 21% per photon. For the first time, a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with unfiltered photons from separate fibre sources is presented.
Single photons are at the heart of optical quantum technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum computing and quantum metrology. In this paper we report on the creation of photon pairs via four-wave-mixing (FWM) in birefringent photonic crystal fibres (PCF). It has recently been suggested that for thoroughly engineering the phase matching condition of a birefringent PCF, photon pairs can by created in an intrinsically pure state and narrow band. This can be achieved for cross-polarized phase matching, where two pump photons in the slow axis are converted into a pair of photons, polarized in the orthogonal fast axis. The aim is to produce such intrinsically pure and narrow-band photons and hence to achieve high non-classical interference visibility without any requirement for spectral filtering. In order to experimentally test the purity of our heralded single photons we performed a Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment using heralded signal photons generated in separate PCF sources.
In this paper, we study the tailoring of photon spectral properties generated by four-wave mixing in a birefringent photonic crystal fibre (PCF). The aim is to produce intrinsically narrow-band photons and hence to achieve high non-classical interference visibility and generate high-fidelity entanglement without any requirement for spectral filtering, leading to high effective detection efficiencies. We show unfiltered Hong–Ou–Mandel interference visibilities of 77% between photons from the same PCF and 80% between separate sources. We compare results from modelling the PCF to these experiments and analyse photon purities.
Pure state single photons are at the heart of optical quantum technologies. We have previously reported the generation of photon pairs by four-wave mixing in a single-mode photonic crystal fibre (PCF) and the use of a new birefringent phase matching scheme which results in the generation of narrowband signal photons, around 0.2 nm in bandwidth, and a factorizable photon pair state with no requirement for spectral filtering, leading to increased count rates. Our source is bright, polarized, and tuneable by variable laser wavelength and fibre parameters. Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is observed between photons from two of these sources, a requirement for optical quantum information tasks.
We have developed a source of time-correlated photon pairs based on phase matched four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber designed to have a zero dispersion wavelength, lambda0, close to 715nm. We generate parametric gain by pumping close to lambda0in the normal dispersion regime. By pumping with a pulsed titanium-sapphire (TI-SA) laser tuned to 708 nm we generate pair-photons at 583 nm and 900 nm visible to efficient silicon- based photon counting detectors. We can generate >100000 detected pairs per second (in a single spatial and temoral mode) with a few milli-watts of pump power. Using this source we have been able to show high visibility multi-photon interference, by mixing at a 50:50 beam-splitter, two heralded single photons generated in spatially separated micro-structured fibres. The source brightness meant we were able to measure high rates of four- photon generation and detection.
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