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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Multiphoton experiments using fibre pair photon sources

John Rarity, Alex S. Clark, Jérémie Fulconis, Olivier Alibart, Jeremy L. O’Brien, W. J. Wadsworth

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have developed a source of time-correlated photon pairs based on phase matched four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber designed to have a zero dispersion wavelength, lambda0, close to 715nm. We generate parametric gain by pumping close to lambda0in the normal dispersion regime. By pumping with a pulsed titanium-sapphire (TI-SA) laser tuned to 708 nm we generate pair-photons at 583 nm and 900 nm visible to efficient silicon- based photon counting detectors. We can generate >100000 detected pairs per second (in a single spatial and temoral mode) with a few milli-watts of pump power. Using this source we have been able to show high visibility multi-photon interference, by mixing at a 50:50 beam-splitter, two heralded single photons generated in spatially separated micro-structured fibres. The source brightness meant we were able to measure high rates of four- photon generation and detection.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386780

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We have developed a source of time-correlated photon pairs based on phase matched four-wave mixing in a photonic crystal fiber designed to have a zero dispersion wavelength, lambda0, close to 715nm. We generate parametric gain by pumping close to lambda0in the normal dispersion regime. By pumping with a pulsed titanium-sapphire (TI-SA) laser tuned to 708 nm we generate pair-photons at 583 nm and 900 nm visible to efficient silicon- based photon counting detectors. We can generate >100000 detected pairs per second (in a single spatial and temoral mode) with a few milli-watts of pump power. Using this source we have been able to show high visibility multi-photon interference, by mixing at a 50:50 beam-splitter, two heralded single photons generated in spatially separated micro-structured fibres. The source brightness meant we were able to measure high rates of four- photon generation and detection.
We demonstrate a picosecond source of correlated photon pairs using a micro-structured fibre with zero dispersion around 715 nm wavelength. The fibre is pumped in the normal dispersion regime at ~708 nm and phase matching is satisfied for widely spaced parametric wavelengths. Here we generate up to 10;7 photon pairs per second in the fibre at wavelengths of 587 nm and 897 nm, while on collecting this light in single-mode-fibre-coupled Silicon avalanche diode photon counting detectors, we detect ~3.2x10;5 coincidences per second at pump power 0.5 mW.
This study deals with photonic crystal fiber designed to have a zero dispersion wavelength, lambda0close to 715 nm. A picosecond titanium-sapphire laser pumps the fibre to produce single mode pair-photons at 583 nm signal and 900 nm idler wavelength. The pairs can be collected and detected with lumped efficiencies through 10 nm interference filters up to 24% in the signal channel and 14% in the idler channel. The brightness required for multiphoton experiments can be reached with only milliwatts of pump power. This paper reports on the progress of a fibre heralded source of 1550 nm single photons relevant for quantum cryptography.
The paper reviews a new source of time-correlated photon pairs based on phase matched four-wave mixing in an optical fiber. This source has the potential to replace sources based on a non-linear birefringent crystals and waveguides. It generates linear polarised photon pairs in a narrow bandwidth, single circular mode which can be efficiently coupled into single mode fibres. We generate the parametric gain by pumping with a laser wavelength slightly below the zero dispersion wavelength, in the normal dispersion regime.
We develop a theoretical analysis of four-wave mixing used to generate photon pairs useful for quantum information processing. The analysis applies to a single mode microstructured fibre pumped by an ultra-short coherent pulse in the normal dispersion region. Given the values of the optical propagation constant inside the fibre, we can estimate the created number of photon pairs per pulse, their central wavelength and their respective bandwidth. We use the experimental results from a picosecond source of correlated photon pairs using a micro-structured fibre to validate the model. The fibre is pumped in the normal dispersion regime at 708 nm and phase matching is satisfied for widely spaced parametric wavelengths of 586 and 894 nm. We measure the number of photons per pulse using a loss-independent coincidence scheme and compare the results with the theoretical expectation. We show a good agreement between the theoretical expectations and the experimental results for various fibre lengths and pump powers.
Single photon sources are a key element for quantum computing, quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum communications. In particular, producing single photons at telecommunications wavelengths is valuable for QKD protocols and would enable realizing the quantum internet. The preferred method for their generation has long been spontaneous down conversion in bulk crystals, which suffers from connection loss to fiber networks. In-fiber spontaneous four-wave mixing provides a viable alternative as a photon pair source due to being compatible with existing fiber networks. We present an all-fiber photon pair source based on degenerate four-wave mixing in a 400 m Highly-Nonlinear fiber, with signal and idler wavelengths generated at 1552.5 nm and 1557 nm respectively. The source consists of CW pump laser operating at 1554.75 nm, which is slightly detuned from the zero group velocity dispersion wavelength into the normal dispersion regime. After pair generation in the highly-nonlinear fiber, three arrayed waveguide gratings are employed to spatially separate signal and idler, and provides a 120 dB pump power reduction. Firstly the source is modelled and experimentally characterized in the well known classical regime of stimulated four-wave mixing. The effect of fiber cooling on spontaneous Raman scattering is modelled and characterized, and a 30% reduction in spontaneous emission is found when cooling the fiber to -77°C. In the low power regime the coincidence to accidental count ratio is simulated and measured. An increase in the coincidence to accidental count ratio is observed when cooling the fiber.