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arXiv:0806.4211 · Physical Review A

Teleportation using squeezed single photons

Agata M. Brańczyk, Timothy C. Ralph

Published Nov 4, 2008• 16 citations
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Abstract

We present an analysis of squeezed single photon states as a resource for teleportation of coherent state qubits and propose proof-of-principle experiments for the demonstration of coherent state teleportation and entanglement swapping. We include an analysis of the squeezed vacuum as a simpler approximation to small-amplitude cat states. We also investigate the effects of imperfect sources and inefficient detection on the proposed experiments.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.052304

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We present an analysis of squeezed single photon states as a resource for teleportation of coherent state qubits and propose proof-of-principle experiments for the demonstration of coherent state teleportation and entanglement swapping. We include an analysis of the squeezed vacuum as a simpler approximation to small-amplitude cat states. We also investigate the effects of imperfect sources and inefficient detection on the proposed experiments.
We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies, and phase fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is $F=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02,$ which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of 0.62.0.62.0.62. By contrast, the projected result based on the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is 0.69.0.69.0.69. The teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion on discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as on the limitations of the current apparatus.
Quantum state teleportation represents a pillar of quantum information and a milestone on the roadmap towards quantum networks with a large number of nodes. Successful photonic demonstrations of this protocol have been carried out employing different qubit encodings. However, demonstrations in the Fock basis encoding are challenging, due to the impossibility of generating a coherent superposition of vacuum-one photon states on a single mode with linear optics. Indeed, previous realizations only allowed the teleportation of dual-rail entangled states, by exploiting ancillary electromagnetic modes. Here, instead, we enable the quantum teleportation of pure vacuum-one-photon qubits encoded in a single spatial mode, by exploiting coherent control of a resonantly excited semiconductor quantum dot in a micro-cavity. Within our setup, we can both teleport genuine single-rail vacuum-one-photon qubits and perform entanglement swapping. Our results may disclose new quantum information processing potentialities for this encoding, whose manipulation is achievable via quantum dot single-photon sources.
Quantum teleportation represents a key protocol for several tasks in quantum information processing. Theoretically proposed in [1], it was successfully demonstrated with qubits encoded in various degrees of freedom and platforms. However, its implementation with qubits in the photon-number encoding is challenging, since their preparation is unfeasible with linear optics. Indeed, only entangled states could be teleported in previous teleportation demonstrations in this encoding [2], which has been raising a growing interest in quantum computation and communication tasks due to the recent technological improvements in single-photon generation and detection efficiency. On the other hand, quantum dot-based single-photon sources are raising attractivity due not only to their high generation rates, single-photon purity, and high photon indistinguishability, but also to their capability to generate coherent superpositions of photon-number states when driven in the resonance fluorescence regime [3].
We compare single-photon qubits and hybrid qubits as information carriers through quantum teleportation using a Gaussian continuous-variable channel. A hybrid qubit in our study is in the form of entanglement between a coherent state and a single photon. We find that hybrid qubits outperform photonic qubits when coherent amplitudes of the hybrid qubits are as low as $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$, while single-photon qubits yield better results for larger amplitudes. We analyze further the effect of photon losses and observe that the overall character of teleportation for different qubits remains the same although the teleportation fidelities are degraded by photon losses. Our work provides a comparative look at practical quantum information processing with different types of qubits.