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arXiv:quant-ph/0207076 · Physical Review A

Quantum teleportation of light beams

Ting Zhang, Kok Win Goh, C. W. Chou, Peter Lodahl, Harry J. Kimble

Published Mar 11, 2003• 254 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies, and phase fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is $F=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02,$ which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of $0.62.$ By contrast, the projected result based on the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is $0.69.$ The teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion on discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as on the limitations of the current apparatus.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.033802

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We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies, and phase fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is F=0.61\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.02,F=0.61\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02,F=0.61\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.02, which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of 0.62.0.62.0.62. By contrast, the projected result based on the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is 0.69.0.69.0.69. The teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion on discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as on the limitations of the current apparatus.
We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables by using squeezed-state entanglement. A fidelity expression for a real experimental system is presented, where all the imperfection factors are considered, including losses and phase fluctuations. The measured fidelity for input coherent states is 0.62 and the prospective result with our measured entanglement and efficiencies is 0.69. We will show the details of the quantum teleportation for continuous variable and discuss the problems for further improvement in this experiment.
We report recent developments in our experiment to teleport light beams by utilizing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement for continuous quantum variables. We describe details of our experimental apparatus, including the generation of EPR entanglement from squeezed states of light. In addition, we have developed an explicit model for the teleportation of coherent states that includes the effect of diverse loss factors and limited degrees of entanglement, and that enables us to project the possibilities for achieving yet higher fidelities beyond the currently achieved value of 62% with our apparatus. Propects for other teleportation schemes will also be discussed.
The fidelity of quantum teleportation of a single-mode squeezed state of light is calculated based on the general theory of quantum-mechanical measurement in the Schrödinger picture. It is shown that the criterion for the nonclassical state teleportation is different from that for coherent state. F = 1/2 is no longer the rigorous boundary between classical and quantum teleportation for a squeezed state of light. When the quantum entanglement of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) beam used for teleportation and the parameters of the system are given, the fidelity depends on the squeezing of the input squeezed state. The higher the squeezing is, the smaller the fidelity is, and the lower the classical limitation of fidelity is. The dependence of the optimum gain for teleporting a squeezed vacuum state upon the EPR entanglement is also calculated. The results obtained provide important references for designing experimental systems of teleporting a non-classical state and judging the quality of the teleported quantum state.
The experimental demonstration of quantum teleportation for continuous variables using the squeezed_state entanglement generated by a type II phase matching opt ical parametric amplifier(OPA) is reported. Type II OPA operating at deamplification can generate amplitude_anticorrelated and phase_correlated entanglements, which can be used in quantum teleportation scheme by direct Bell_ state measurement. The correlation of 2dB was obtained with a pair of KTP crystals in the cavity. The inferred teleportation fidelity is 060,which when correlated for the e fficiency of detection by the output observer, gives a fidelity of 057 The i mperfect factors in detection are also discussed.
We propose and theoretically analyze a teleportation-based scheme for the high-fidelity noiseless quantum amplification of coherent states of light. In our approach, the probabilistic noiseless quantum amplification operation is encoded into a suitable auxiliary two-mode entangled state and then applied to the input coherent state via continuous-variable quantum teleportation. The scheme requires conditioning on the outcomes of homodyne measurements in the teleportation protocol. In contrast to high-fidelity noiseless quantum amplifiers based on combination of conditional single-photon addition and subtraction, the present scheme requires only photon subtraction in combination with auxiliary Gaussian squeezed vacuum states. We first provide a pure-state description of the protocol which allows us to to clearly explain its principles and functioning. Next we develop a more comprehensive model based on phase-space representation of quantum states, that accounts for various experimental imperfections such as excess noise in the auxiliary squeezed states or limited efficiency of the single-photon detectors that can only distinguish the presence or absence of photons. We present and analyze predictions of this phase-space model of the noiseless teleamplifier.