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arXiv:0805.4327 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Electromagnetically induced transparency of an interacting cold Rydberg ensemble

Kevin J. Weatherill, Jonathan D. Pritchard, R. P. Abel, Mark G. Bason, Ashok Kumar Mohapatra, Charles S. Adams

Published Oct 1, 2008• 92 citations
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Abstract

We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a weakly interacting cold Rydberg gas. We show that for Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers in the range n = 19–26, the onset of interactions is manifest as a depopulation of the Rydberg state. In the limit of a weak probe where the depopulation effect is negligible, we observe no evidence of interaction-induced decoherence and obtain a narrow Rydberg dark resonance with a linewidth of <600 kHz.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/41/20/201002

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We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a weakly interacting cold Rydberg gas. We show that for Rydberg states with principal quantum numbers in the range n = 19–26, the onset of interactions is manifest as a depopulation of the Rydberg state. In the limit of a weak probe where the depopulation effect is negligible, we observe no evidence of interaction-induced decoherence and obtain a narrow Rydberg dark resonance with a linewidth of <600 kHz.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated in a system of cold, interacting cesium Rydberg atoms. The utilized cesium levels 6S 1/2 , 6P 3/2 and nD 5/2 constitute a cascade three-level system, in which a coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition, and a probe laser detects the EIT signal on the 6S 1/2 to 6P 3/2 transition. Rydberg EIT spectra are found to depend on the strong interaction between the Rydberg atoms. Diminished EIT transparency is obtained when the Rabi frequency of the probe laser is increased, whereas the corresponding linewidth remains unchanged. To model the system with a three-level Lindblad equation, we introduce a Rydberg-level dephasing rate γ3 = κ × (ρ33/Ω p ) 2 , with a value κ that depends on the ground-state atom density and the Rydberg level. The simulation results are largely consistent with the measurements. The experiments, in which the principal quantum number is varied between 30 and 43, demonstrate that the EIT reduction observed at large Ω p is due to the strong interactions between the Rydberg atoms.
We perform spectroscopic measurements of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a strongly interacting Rydberg gas. We observe a significant spectral shift and attenuation of the transparency resonance due to the presence of interactions between Rydberg atoms. We characterize the attenuation as the result of an effective dephasing and show that the shift and the dephasing rate increase versus atomic density, probe Rabi frequency, and principal quantum number of Rydberg states. Moreover, we find that the spectral shift is reduced if the size of a Gaussian atomic cloud is increased and that the dephasing rate increases with the EIT pulse duration at large-parameter regimes. We simulate our experiment with a semianalytical model, which yields results in good agreement with our experimental data.
We develop an approach to generate finite-range atomic interactions via optical Rydberg-state excitation and study the underlying excitation dynamics in theory and experiment. In contrast to previous work, the proposed scheme is based on resonant optical driving and the establishment of a dark state under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analyzing the driven dissipative dynamics of the atomic gas, we show that the interplay between coherent light coupling, radiative decay, and strong Rydberg-Rydberg atom interactions leads to the emergence of sizable effective interactions while providing remarkably long coherence times. The latter are studied experimentally in a cold gas of strontium atoms for which the proposed scheme is most efficient. Our measured atom loss is in agreement with the theoretical prediction based on binary effective interactions between the driven atoms.
We report an experimental observation of narrow and high-contrast spectra, which are induced by interacting dark resonances and have been predicted in Phys. Rev. A 60, 3225 (1999). Spectra are measured with cold 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms produced by a magneto-optical trap. In this experimental system, a coupling laser and a weak probe laser form a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type configuration of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT); a microwave drives a magnetic-dipole transition between the fourth level and the ground state that is coupled with the excited state by the coupling laser. The observed spectral profile of probe absorption exhibits a very sharp peak emerging inside a narrow EIT dip. Such spectral feature provides more opportunities in manipulating atomic-optical response.
Abstract The combination of Rydberg atoms and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been extensively studied in the strong-interaction regime. Here we proposed utilizing an EIT medium with a high optical depth (OD) and a Rydberg state of low principal quantum number to create a many-body system of Rydberg polaritons in the weak-interaction regime. The phase shift and attenuation induced by the dipole–dipole interaction (DDI) were still significant, and can be viewed as the consequences of elastic and inelastic collisions among Rydberg polaritons. We further observed that the width of the transverse momentum distribution of Rydberg polaritons at the exit of the system became notably smaller as compared with that at the entrance. The observation demonstrates the cooling effect in this system. The μs-long interaction time due to the high-OD EIT medium plus the μm2-size collision cross section due to the DDI suggests a feasible platform of polariton Bose–Einstein condensation.
We investigate the interaction between dark states and Rydberg excitation blockade by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), fluorescence, and four-wave mixing (FWM) signals both theoretically and experimentally. By scanning the frequency detunings of the probe and dressing fields, respectively, we first observe these signals (three coexisting EIT windows, two fluorescence signals, and two FWM signals) under Rydberg excitation blockade. Next, frequency detuning dependences of these signals are obtained, in which the modulated results are well explained by introducing the dressing effects (leading to the dark states) with the corrected factor of the Rydberg excitation blockade. In addition, the variations by changing the principal quantum number n of Rydberg state shown some interesting phenomena resulting from Rydberg blockade are observed. The unique nature of such blockaded signals can have potential application in the demonstration of quantum computing.