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The Journal of Chemical Physics

Electromagnetically induced transparency and fluorescence in blockaded Rydberg atomic system

Cheng Li, Huaibin Zheng, Zhaoyang Zhang, Xin Yao, Yunzhe Zhang, Yiqi Zhang, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Oct 28, 2013• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the interaction between dark states and Rydberg excitation blockade by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), fluorescence, and four-wave mixing (FWM) signals both theoretically and experimentally. By scanning the frequency detunings of the probe and dressing fields, respectively, we first observe these signals (three coexisting EIT windows, two fluorescence signals, and two FWM signals) under Rydberg excitation blockade. Next, frequency detuning dependences of these signals are obtained, in which the modulated results are well explained by introducing the dressing effects (leading to the dark states) with the corrected factor of the Rydberg excitation blockade. In addition, the variations by changing the principal quantum number n of Rydberg state shown some interesting phenomena resulting from Rydberg blockade are observed. The unique nature of such blockaded signals can have potential application in the demonstration of quantum computing.

DOI
10.1063/1.4826637

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We investigate the interaction between dark states and Rydberg excitation blockade by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), fluorescence, and four-wave mixing (FWM) signals both theoretically and experimentally. By scanning the frequency detunings of the probe and dressing fields, respectively, we first observe these signals (three coexisting EIT windows, two fluorescence signals, and two FWM signals) under Rydberg excitation blockade. Next, frequency detuning dependences of these signals are obtained, in which the modulated results are well explained by introducing the dressing effects (leading to the dark states) with the corrected factor of the Rydberg excitation blockade. In addition, the variations by changing the principal quantum number n of Rydberg state shown some interesting phenomena resulting from Rydberg blockade are observed. The unique nature of such blockaded signals can have potential application in the demonstration of quantum computing.
We report the first experimental observations of the blockaded six- and eight-wave mixing processes in a collective multi-level Rydberg atomic ensemble tailored by multi-channel scissors and created by three coexisting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows. The interplay between the dressed-state effect and the Rydberg blockade caused by strong van der Waals interactions is investigated when several parameters in the excitation lasers are changed. Blockaded multi-wave mixing (MWM) signals are obtained when the coupling frequency detuning is changed, which is improved to give multiple channels when the probe detuning is scanned. Such MWM signals tailored by EIT scissors produce a much narrower linewidth and therefore are suitable for application in long-distance quantum communication. The advantages of having multi-channel blockaded MWM signals also makes potential applications in demonstrating multi-channel entanglement possible and improves the performance of quantum computation with Rydberg atoms.
Rydberg-dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated with two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows generated in a Y-type Rb85 atomic configuration. Such dressing effect related to Rydberg states can lead to enhancement and suppression in the FWM process, which can be manipulated by the frequency detuning, Rabi frequency, and polarization of laser fields. Particularly, with the enhancement condition satisfied, coexisting FWM and Rydberg six-wave mixing (SWM) peaks with ultranarrow linewidth (much less than 30 MHz) are simultaneously observed. The controllable enhancement and suppression in a Rydberg-EIT medium can provide a novel nondestructive nonlinear method to investigate the spectrum involving Rydberg excitation in the atomic ensemble above room temperature.
We study the transmission properties of a probe field passing through a sample of NNN-type cold atoms possessing a high Rydberg state. Due to the conditioned dipole blockade of Rydberg excitation, this atomic sample might exhibit a nonlinear optical response in terms of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as manifested by the sensitivity of the transmitted probe intensity and correlation to input probe intensity and correlation. It is of particular interest that the nonlinear EIT response can be opposite (either normal or abnormal) in two different regions of probe detuning, which is a striking feature of the four-level N system of interacting atoms. The realization of both normal and abnormal nonlinear EIT effects in one atomic sample is expected to have wider applications in manipulation of photonic statistics of weak light signals, e.g., to attain prominent photonic bunching and/or antibunching in a dynamic quantum delay or memory process.
Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number n, have been widely investigated in recent years due to their peculiar properties, such as big sizes, long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external fields due to their large polarizabilities scaling as n7.These make Rydberg atoms an ideal candidate for the quantum information, the many-body interaction, etc.In this work, we investigate the Rydberg atoms using electromagneticlly induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder three-level system. The EIT is a quantum interference effect between two excitation path-ways driven by two laser fields. The main idea is performed in a room temperature cesium vapor cell, where the probe laser frequency is modulated. The ground state (6P1/2), excited state (6P3/2), and Rydberg state (nS1/2) constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which the probe laser is fixed to the 6S1/2 (F = 4)6P3/2 (F = 5) transition by saturated absorption spectrum technique, whereas the coupling laser is scanned across the 6P3/249S1/2 transition. We detect the demodulated EIT signal with the lock-in amplifier (SR830). The modulated EIT signal shows a two-peak structure. The measured spacing between two peaks increases with the frequency detuning, caused by the modulation amplitude, and half the spacing between the peak-to-peak is nearly 1.67 times the modulation amplitude of the probe laser; the measured result shows that the splitting is independent of the modulation frequency. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. The results in our work can be used for real-time monitoring of the laser-line profiles and the fluctuation of laser frequency.
We study the optical response of cold rubidium atoms driven into the four-level Y configuration exhibiting two high Rydberg levels in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Atoms excited to either Rydberg level interact with each other just via self-blockade potentials (I) or also via cross blockade potentials (II). Numerical results show a few interesting quantum phenomena on the transmitted properties of a weak probe field owing to controlled single and double Rydberg blockade. In case (I), it is viable to switch between single-photon outputs with vanishing (invariable) two-photon (three-photon) correlation and photon-pair outputs with vanishing (invariable) three-photon (two-photon) correlation. Such output switch can be easily done by modulating frequencies and intensities of two strong coupling fields to create a degenerate EIT window or two separated EIT windows. In case (II), we find that two-photon and three-photon correlations decrease together at a degenerate EIT window center while increasing together between two separated EIT windows. Such consistent changes are observed because both correlations are modified by the identical polarizability degradation though depending on single and double Rydberg blockade, respectively.
We simultaneously observe the probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals under dressing effects in a four-level -type atomic system for the first time. The physical mechanisms of three types of signals are explored by changing the frequency detuning and power of incident laser beams. Especially, the ultranarrow fluorescence signals have been experimentally obtained due to twice shearing by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window, which are much narrower than the Doppler-free EIT window. Such ultranarrow fluorescence signals with very high coherence and monochromaticity have potential applications in the quantum correlation and narrow linewidth laser. Studying the FWM processes can find applications in optical switch and optical communication.