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arXiv:0711.0066 · Physical Review B

Photon statistics from a resonantly driven quantum dot

Ahsan Nazir

Published Oct 28, 2008• 79 citations
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Abstract

Photon correlations in the emission of a resonantly driven quantum dot are investigated, accounting for the influence of the solid-state phonon environment. An analytical expression is derived for the second-order fluorescence intensity correlation function, from which regimes of correlated and uncorrelated photon emissions are predicted as the driving field is varied. Experiments to investigate this effect would provide valuable insight into quantum dot carrier-phonon dynamics and are feasible with current technology.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.78.153309

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Photon correlations in the emission of a resonantly driven quantum dot are investigated, accounting for the influence of the solid-state phonon environment. An analytical expression is derived for the second-order fluorescence intensity correlation function, from which regimes of correlated and uncorrelated photon emissions are predicted as the driving field is varied. Experiments to investigate this effect would provide valuable insight into quantum dot carrier-phonon dynamics and are feasible with current technology.
We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behavior results from thermalization of the dot with respect to the phonon bath and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.
This thesis describes the first and second-order correlation measurements that were performed on a III-V self-assembled quantum dot weakly coupled to a H1 nanophotonic crystal cavity. The system has an exceptionally large Purcell factor, which enables new regimes of light-matter coupling to be explored. In particular, the Purcell effect enhances the radiative recombination rate by an unprecedented factor, allowing measurements to take advantage of the fast lifetime and broad, transform-limited linewidth of the excitons excited in the quantum dot. The main results of this thesis are presented in three chapters, which explore, respectively, the application of the system as a single-photon source, the interactions between the quantum dot excitons and their solid-state environment, and the effect of spectral filtering on resonance fluorescence photon statistics. None of these experiments would have been possible without the very large Purcell enhancement of the radiative emission from the quantum dot. In the first set of experiments, the emission properties of the cavity-coupled quantum dot under p-pulsed resonant excitation were investigated. Hanbury Brown and Twiss second-order correlation measurements were used to measure the single-photon purity of the quantum dot emission. Hong-Ou-Mandel measurements were performed to investigate the indistinguishability of the single-photons produced. The emission from the cavity-coupled dot was then investigated under continuous wave excitation. In the second set of experiments, first-order correlation measurements were made in conjunction with spectroscopic measurements to investigate the phonon sideband properties of the quantum dot, both under resonant and slightly detuned excitation. In the final set of measurements, spectral filtering was used to alter the photon statistics observed when measuring the resonance fluorescence from the cavity-coupled quantum dot. Here, the effect of filtering in both the weak and strong driving regimes was investigated by filtering both above and below the linewidth of the quantum dot.
Resonance fluorescence of natural or artificial atoms constitutes a prime method for generating non-classical light. While most efforts have focused on producing single photons, multi-photon emission is unavoidably present in the resonant driving of an atom. Here, we study the extent to which these processes occur: we quantify the multi-photon emission statistics in a resonantly driven two-level artificial atom—a semiconductor quantum dot in a micropillar cavity—when pumped by short optical pulses. By measuring auto-correlation functions up to the fourth order, we observe up to four photons emitted after a single pumping pulse and investigate the emission dynamics with finely resolved temporal measurements. Furthermore, we propose a method based on acquisition time gating to enhance the purity of a single-photon source while maintaining high efficiencies. Our results deepen the understanding of the photon emission processes in coherently driven atomic systems and suggest a simple but effective technique to reduce the multi-photon components of a single-photon source.
We theoretically investigate the influence of the phonon bath on photon blockade in a simultaneously driven dot-cavity system. An optimal condition for avoiding two-photon excitation of a cavity field is put forward which can be achieved by modulating the phase difference and the strengths of the driving fields. The second-order correlation function and the mean photon number of the cavity field are discussed. In the absence of phonon effect, the strong photon blockade in a moderate quantum dot (QD)-cavity coupling regime occurs, which can be attributed to the destructive quantum interference arisen from different transition paths induced by simultaneously driving the dressed QD-cavity system. The participation of acoustic-phonon reservoir produces new transition channels for the QD-cavity system, which leads to the damage of destructive interference. As a result, the photon blockade effect is hindered when taking the electron-phonon interaction into account. It is also found that the temperature of the phonon reservoir is disadvantageous for the generation of photon blockade.
We present a microscopic description of the photon statistics and phonon signatures in the quantum light emission from semiconductor quantum dots. Using higher-order Born approximation, time-resolved optical emission and scattering spectra are calculated in the weak coupling regime. In the strong coupling regime, a mathematical induction method is presented to calculate the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon-assisted quantum dot cavity-QED. The phonon interaction at room temperature has a strong impact on the quantum correlation of the cavity field and enhances the non-classicality of the cavity field, initially prepared in a thermal state.