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arXiv:quant-ph/9911112 · Physical Review A

Analysis of radiatively stable entanglement in a system of two dipole-interacting three-level atoms

Igor Bargatin, B. A. Grishanin, Victor N. Zadkov

Published Apr 7, 2000• 25 citations
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Abstract

We explore the possibilities of creating radiatively stable entangled states of two three-level dipole-interacting atoms in a \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration by means of laser biharmonic continuous driving or pulses. We propose three schemes for generation of entangled states which involve only the lower states of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system, not vulnerable to radiative decay. Two of them employ coherent dynamics to achieve entanglement in the system, whereas the third one uses optical pumping, i.e., an essentially incoherent process.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.052305

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We explore the possibilities of creating radiatively stable entangled states of two three-level dipole-interacting atoms in a \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration by means of laser biharmonic continuous driving or pulses. We propose three schemes for generation of entangled states which involve only the lower states of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system, not vulnerable to radiative decay. Two of them employ coherent dynamics to achieve entanglement in the system, whereas the third one uses optical pumping, i.e., an essentially incoherent process.
Summary form only given. Though the resonant dipole-dipole interaction (RDDI) has been suggested for realization of entangling dynamics several years ago, it was only recently that several authors have investigated this interaction in more detail as a method for entangling neutral atoms in optical traps. Unfortunately, the considered entangled states of two-level atoms have very short lifetimes due to radiative decay. This is explained by the fact that radiative decay and RDDI have the same physical nature, and we cannot avoid the former while making use of the later. In the work we solve this conceptual problem by presenting new methods for creation of radiatively stable entanglement in a system of two dipole-interacting three-level atoms.
Quantum entanglement provides an essential resource for quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum network. How to conveniently and efficiently produce entanglement between bright light beams presents a challenging task to build realistic quantum information processing networks. Here, we present an efficient and convenient way to realize a novel quantum phenomenon, named electromagnetically induced entanglement, in the conventional Λ-type three-level atomic system driven by a strong pump field and a relatively weak probe field. Nearly perfect entanglement between the two fields can be achieved with a low coherence decay rate between the two lower levels, high pump-field intensity, and large optical depth of the atomic ensemble. The physical origin is quantum coherence between the lower doublet produced by the pump and probe fields, similar to the well-known electromagnetically induced transparency. This method would greatly facilitate the generation of nondegenerate narrow-band continuous-variable entanglement between bright light beams by using only coherent laser fields, and may find potential and broad applications in realistic quantum information processing.
Effectiveness of using laser field to produce entanglement between two dipole-interacting identical two-level atoms is considered in detail. The entanglement is achieved by driving the system with a carefully designed laser pulse transferring the system's population to one of the maximally entangled Dicke states in a way analogous to population inversion by a resonant π-pulse in a two-level atom. It is shown that for the optimally chosen pulse frequency, power and duration, the fidelity of generating a maximally entangled state approaches unity as the distance between the atoms goes to zero.
Effectiveness of using laser field to produce entanglement between two dipole-interacting identical two-level atoms is considered in detail.The entanglement is achieved by driving the system with a carefully designed laser pulse transferring the system's population to one of the maximally entangled Dicke states in a way analogous to population inversion by a resonant π-pulse in a two-level atom.It is shown that for the optimally chosen pulse frequency, power and duration, the fidelity of generating a maximally entangled state approaches unity as the distance between the atoms goes to zero.
A new mechanism of development of quantum correlations due to the combined effects of a common heat bath and a resonant classical electromagnetic field is analyzed for a system of two two-level atoms coupled by dipole-dipole interaction. Conditions are found under which arbitrary steady-state entanglement can be created in the absence of measurement in an entangled basis. The analysis of dynamics of entanglement is focused on the effects of dipole-dipole interaction, mean number of thermal photons, degree of squeezing of thermal radiation, classical field strength, and presence of additional decay channels.