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arXiv:quant-ph/9911100 · Physical Review A

Model-independent approach to nondissipative decoherence

Rodolfo Bonifacio, Stefano Olivares, Paolo Tombesi, David Vitali

Published Apr 7, 2000• 86 citations
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Abstract

We consider the case when decoherence is due to the fluctuations of some classical variable or parameter of a system and not to its entanglement with the environment. Under few and quite general assumptions, we derive a model-independent formalism for this nondissipative decoherence, and we apply it to explain the decoherence observed in some recent experiments in cavity QED and on trapped ions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.053802

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We consider the case when decoherence is due to the fluctuations of some classical variable or parameter of a system and not to its entanglement with the environment. Under few and quite general assumptions, we derive a model-independent formalism for this nondissipative decoherence, and we apply it to explain the decoherence observed in some recent experiments in cavity QED and on trapped ions.
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Quantum systems are rarely isolated, and often interact with a large number of degrees of freedom that we generically call the environment. As the system becomes entangled with the environment, it effectively loses the interference within the system because it transforms from a product state superposition to an entangled state superposition. Thus, when the system is measured, the interference effects within the system are reduced because we do not measure the entangled environment degrees of freedom. The details for how we describe the behavior of this so-called decoherence is complicated. In this chapter, we investigate how to formulate descriptions of decoherence, we apply this formalism to real systems such as nuclear magnetic resonance and the damped quantum harmonic oscillator, and then we examine the interplay between squeezing and decoherence in trapped ions and the implications for precision measurements.
Summary form only. This talk describes and compares the main experimental systems which have been recently developed to study various aspects of quantum information processing: correlated photon beams, trapped ions, nuclear magnetic resonance and atoms in cavities (cavity QED experiments). Various examples of engineered entanglement experiments are presented, as well as fundamental applications such as the quantum nondemolition measurement of single photons. Quantitative studies of decoherence in mesoscopic superpositions of states are also described. Finally, a few possible developments are discussed.