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arXiv:quant-ph/9906115 · Journal of Modern Optics

Non-dissipative decoherence in Rabi oscillation experiments

Rodolfo Bonifacio, Stefano Olivares, Paolo Tombesi, David Vitali

Published Oct 1, 2000• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Decoherence may be due to the fluctuations of some classical variable or parameter of a system, and not only to the entanglement with the environment. Here we derive a model-independent formalism for this non-dissipative decoherence, which is then applied to describe the decoherence observed in some recent Rabi oscillation experiments.
DOI
10.1080/09500340008235142

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Decoherence [1] is a kind of non-unitary process and it is a disappearance of quantum interference among different state vectors. Its origin is known as external fluctuations and dissipations [2] (and observations), these are irreversible processes. Decoherence means a ”wave function collapse”. Because when interference vanishes, the system can not go to any other quantum states. It means the system gets classicality. By research of Caldeira-Leggett [3, 4], it was shown that decoherence happens in a main system with heat bath which consisted of a infinite number of harmonic oscillators and which was used as an environment. Although this means that ”temperature” induces decoherence, it is not essence. Because decoherence would arise in a finite system in which it is difficult to define the ”temperature”. In order to define a statistical quantity like temperature, it is said that ergodicity (time average = statistical average) [5] is needed. For ergodicity of a system, chaos seems to be sufficient condition, but it would not be necessary condition. Please imagine a closed system, there three particles are mutually tied with springs which have different angular frequencies respectively. Lagrangean L is as follow. (x1 means position of particle-1, etc.)
Decoherence aiid dissipation of a quantum system occurs due to its entanglement with the environment (reservoir) . In the course of interaction of the system with the reservoir information about the system is 'recorded' in the state of the reservoir. This is why influence of the reservoir on the system (i.e. the system's decoherence and dissipation) may be accounted in the framework of quantum theory of continuous measurements. Constructing such a theory with the help of restricted path integrals (RPI) gives a model-independent theory of decoherence and dissipation. The special role of information in decoherence and dissipation is explicitly revealed by this approach. This makes it possible to apply the RPI approach for the analysis of decoherence in quantum informatic devices.