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arXiv:quant-ph/9511002

Quantum Formalism with State-Collapse and Superluminal Communication

George Svetlichny

Published Nov 1, 1995• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Given the collapse hypothesis (CH) of quantum measurement, EPR-type correlations along with the hypothesis of the impossibility of superluminal communication (ISC) have the effect of globalizing gross features of the quantum formalism making them universally true. In particular, these hypotheses imply that state transformations of density matrices must be linear and that evolution which preserves purity of states must also be linear. A gedanken experiment shows that lorentz covariance along with the second law of thermodynamics imply a non-entropic version of ISC. Partial results using quantum logic suggest, given ISC and a version of CH, a connection between lorentz covariance and the covering law. These results show that standard quantum mechanics is structurally unstable, and suggest that viable relativistic alternatives must question CH. One may also speculate that some features of the hilbert-space model of quantum mechanics have their origin in space-time structure.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9511002

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Given the collapse hypothesis (CH) of quantum measurement, EPR-type correlations along with the hypothesis of the impossibility of superluminal communication (ISC) have the effect of globalizing gross features of the quantum formalism making them universally true. In particular, these hypotheses imply that state transformations of density matrices must be linear and that evolution which preserves purity of states must also be linear. A gedanken experiment shows that lorentz covariance along with the second law of thermodynamics imply a non-entropic version of ISC. Partial results using quantum logic suggest, given ISC and a version of CH, a connection between lorentz covariance and the covering law. These results show that standard quantum mechanics is structurally unstable, and suggest that viable relativistic alternatives must question CH. One may also speculate that some features of the hilbert-space model of quantum mechanics have their origin in space-time structure.
Quantum mechanics implies the existence of correlations which cannot be described by any local theory. These nonlocal correlations possibly suggest the existence of particles traveling faster than light (tachyons). But the potential paradoxes associated with their existence imply that, even i f these tachyons do exist, it should not be possible to control them in a manner necessary for human superluminal (faster than light) communication. Indeed, the unitary nature of the time development operator precludes the possibility of using non-local correlations to communicate superluminally within the quantum formalism. A simplified model which preserves unitary time development i s shown to be useful in studying 'thought experiments' which appear init ially to allow for superluminal communication. The consistency of quantum mechanics is questioned when measurements of retarded fields are considered. I f certain idealized measurements are possible in principle, then the quantum formalism appears inconsistent. I f the measurements are not possible in principle, then 'state reduct ion' (non-unitary time evolution of the state operator) in a pragmatic sense can be said to have occurred. The suggestion that tachyons be used to explain the non-local correlations i s abandoned in favor of another model whose philosophy is supported by the tenets of relativity theory. Such a model may imply the existence of a more general quantum theory where a quantum system itself can be taken as a (generalized) frame of reference.
The assumption that wave function collapse is a real occurrence has very interesting consequences - both experimental and theoretical. Besides predicting observable deviations from linear evolution, it implies that these deviations must originate in nondeterministic effects at the elementary level in order to prevent superluminal signaling, as demonstrated by Gisin. This lack of determinism implies that information cannot be instantiated in a reproducible form in isolated microsystems (as illustrated by the No-cloning theorem). By stipulating that information is a reproducible and referential property of physical systems, one can formulate the no-signaling principle in strictly physical terms as a prohibition of the acquisition of information about spacelike-separated occurrences. This formulation provides a new perspective on the relationship between relativity and spacetime structure, and it imposes tight constraints on the way in which collapse effects are induced. These constraints indicate that wave function collapse results from (presumably small) nondeterministic deviations from linear evolution associated with nonlocally entangling interactions. This hypothesis can be formalized in a stochastic collapse equation and used to assess the feasibility of testing for collapse effects.
Quantum entanglement produces correlations that violate classical locality constraints while remaining fully consistent with relativistic no-signaling. Although standard quantum mechanics predicts these correlations with extraordinary empirical success, the ontological meaning of entangled states and the physical status of wave-function collapse remain deeply debated. This paper develops a speculative but structured informational interpretation in which entangled subsystems are modeled as multiple local realizations of a single shared informational identity within an underlying finite-capacity substrate. The framework is articulated through explicit postulates, density-matrix analysis, entanglement entropy, a toy realization scheme, and an informational identity operator acting on composite states. Within this view, nonlocal correlations arise not from superluminal causal influence but from ontological non-separability at the informational level. Measurement is interpreted as informational resolution: a reduction of degeneracy in the local realization of a shared informational structure. The irreversible stabilization of outcomes is then linked to thermodynamic cost through Landauer-type reasoning. The proposal is not advanced as a replacement for quantum mechanics, nor as a fully worked-out hidden-variable theory, but as an ontological scaffold intended to unify entanglement, collapse, and thermodynamic irreversibility within an informational perspective. Compatibility with Bell inequalities, decoherence, basis selection, and no-signaling is discussed in detail, together with limitations and possible routes toward future formalization and empirical relevance.
The work analyzes the compatibility between the classical freedom, the local relativistic causality and the non-local behavior of quantum mechanics in the frame of the stochastic approach of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (SQHA). The work describes the role of the quantum potential in generating the quantum non-local dynamics in a fluctuating environment. The analysis shows that it is possible to maintain the concept of classical freedom between far away weakly bounded systems (moderate non-locality) as well as to make compatible the uncertainty principle with the relativistic postulate of invariance of light speed. The work shows that the paradox of instantaneous quantum non local behavior at infinite distances of the standard formalism is an artifact due to the non-relativistic non-stochastic ambit of such theory where the light speed is infinite and the non-local interaction owns an infinite range of action. The work envisages that the SQHA can possibly lead to a fully theoretically self-standing quantum mechanics where the wave function collapse, during a measurement process, can be described by the theory itself without empirical postulates. Under this light the paper discusses the need of searching for (both local and non-local) hidden variables quantum mechanics as well as the need of superluminal communications in quantum experiments. The analysis shows that all these hypotheses are attempts of interpreting the outputs of quantum measurements that cannot be fully explained by the semi-empirical formalism of quantum mechanics, based on the statistical postulates of the measuring process as well as the existence of a classical observer. A two photon experiment is discussed to the light of the SQHA approach. Key words: Quantum non-locality, superluminal transmission of quantum information, classical freedom, local relativistic causality, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) paradox, macroscopic quantum decoherence, Bell’s inequalities, quantum hydrodynamic analogy.
We present a reconstruction of quantum collapse within the FCF framework, where geometry and temporality are secondary expressions of a substrate of correlations, and where two magnitudes are conserved independently: c(structural-relativistic) and the quantum change q, bound together by τ = c+ q. We hold that collapse is neither an additional postulate nor a fundamental physical process, but rather the geometric re-expression of a correlation, constituted in the receiver frame. The expression / non-expression cycle T₁ → T₂ → T₃ reconstructs, without merely juxtaposing them, the two dynamics that standard quantum mechanics postulates separately —unitary evolution and projection. We show that the Born rule is derived, not postulated, as the only measure compatible with the restriction structure of the receiving Hilbert space (Gleason’s theorem), anchoring the orthomodular lattice in the program’s co-genesis theorem (Document 7); and that the impossibility of non-contextual hidden variables (Kochen–Specker theorem) falls out of that same structure. Probability is ontologically localized in the temporal domain T₂–T₃; the photon (τ = 0, level T₁) appears as the revealing limit that proves the seat of Born is always the receiving Hilbert space. We offer a dual reading —consistent with itself and with observation—between the language of quantum fields and their fluctuations and the language of type-1/2/3 correlations. We then develop the gravitational sector, where asingle commitment—gravity couples to the mean correlational structure (the c-side), not to the quantum branches—performs a fourfold function: it dissolves the conflict between collapse and covariant conservation of energy-momentum (Page–Geilker / DeWitt), predicts the absence of gravity-induced entanglement(falsifiable by Bose–Marletto–Vedral-type experiments), and blocks the superluminal signaling of nonlinear semiclassical theories (Gisin’s no-signaling condition, a ρ̂-fed prescription). The article closes with a register of critical dependencies —DERIVED / MOTIVATED PROPOSAL / OPEN PROBLEM—and with the registered falsifiers, locating the falsifiability of the FCF in its differentiating predictions, not in its internal coherence.
The possible connection between EPR correlations and superluminal interactions, as suggested by Bell and Bohm, is discussed using simple and palpable arguments: (a) It is shown how an experiment based on time-like events can allow us to answer the question "Can a measurement performed on one of the photons of an entangled pair change the state of the other?" (b) The theorem on superluminal finite-speed causal influences and superluminal signaling, introduced by Scarani and Gisin, is reexamined. (c) It is shown how faster-than-light interactions and Lorentz transformations might peacefully coexist.