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International Journal of the Physical Sciences

Relativistic causality versus superluminal communication: Is the quantum mechanics a semi-empirical theory?

Piero Chiarelli

Published Apr 30, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The work analyzes the compatibility between the classical freedom, the local relativistic causality and the non-local behavior of quantum mechanics in the frame of the stochastic approach of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (SQHA). The work describes the role of the quantum potential in generating the quantum non-local dynamics in a fluctuating environment. The analysis shows that it is possible to maintain the concept of classical freedom between far away weakly bounded systems (moderate non-locality) as well as to make compatible the uncertainty principle with the relativistic postulate of invariance of light speed. The work shows that the paradox of instantaneous quantum non local behavior at infinite distances of the standard formalism is an artifact due to the non-relativistic non-stochastic ambit of such theory where the light speed is infinite and the non-local interaction owns an infinite range of action. The work envisages that the SQHA can possibly lead to a fully theoretically self-standing quantum mechanics where the wave function collapse, during a measurement process, can be described by the theory itself without empirical postulates. Under this light the paper discusses the need of searching for (both local and non-local) hidden variables quantum mechanics as well as the need of superluminal communications in quantum experiments. The analysis shows that all these hypotheses are attempts of interpreting the outputs of quantum measurements that cannot be fully explained by the semi-empirical formalism of quantum mechanics, based on the statistical postulates of the measuring process as well as the existence of a classical observer. A two photon experiment is discussed to the light of the SQHA approach. Key words: Quantum non-locality, superluminal transmission of quantum information, classical freedom, local relativistic causality, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) paradox, macroscopic quantum decoherence, Bell’s inequalities, quantum hydrodynamic analogy.

DOI
10.5897/ijps2014.4239

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The work analyzes the compatibility between the classical freedom, the local relativistic causality and the non-local behavior of quantum mechanics in the frame of the stochastic approach of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (SQHA). The work describes the role of the quantum potential in generating the quantum non-local dynamics in a fluctuating environment. The analysis shows that it is possible to maintain the concept of classical freedom between far away weakly bounded systems (moderate non-locality) as well as to make compatible the uncertainty principle with the relativistic postulate of invariance of light speed. The work shows that the paradox of instantaneous quantum non local behavior at infinite distances of the standard formalism is an artifact due to the non-relativistic non-stochastic ambit of such theory where the light speed is infinite and the non-local interaction owns an infinite range of action. The work envisages that the SQHA can possibly lead to a fully theoretically self-standing quantum mechanics where the wave function collapse, during a measurement process, can be described by the theory itself without empirical postulates. Under this light the paper discusses the need of searching for (both local and non-local) hidden variables quantum mechanics as well as the need of superluminal communications in quantum experiments. The analysis shows that all these hypotheses are attempts of interpreting the outputs of quantum measurements that cannot be fully explained by the semi-empirical formalism of quantum mechanics, based on the statistical postulates of the measuring process as well as the existence of a classical observer. A two photon experiment is discussed to the light of the SQHA approach. Key words: Quantum non-locality, superluminal transmission of quantum information, classical freedom, local relativistic causality, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) paradox, macroscopic quantum decoherence, Bell’s inequalities, quantum hydrodynamic analogy.
The paper investigates the non-local property of quantum mechanics in the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) given by Madelung. The role of the quantum potential in generating the non-local dynamics of quantum mechanics is analyzed. The work shows how in presence of noise the non-local properties as well as the quantization of the action are perturbed. The resulting stochastic QHA dynamics much depend by the strength of the interaction: Strongly bounded systems (such as linear ones) lead to quantum entangled stochastic behavior, while weakly bounded ones may be not able to maintain the quantum superposition of states on large distances and may loose their macro-scale quantum coherence acquiring the classical stochastic evolution . The work shows that in the frame of the stochastic approach it is possible to have freedom between quantum weakly bounded systems. The stochastic QHA model shows that the wave-function collapse to an eigenstates (deriving by interaction of a quantum microscopic system with a classical (macroscopic) one) can be described by the model itself as a kinetic quantum (relaxation) process to a stationary state. Since the time of the wave function decay to the eigenstate represents the minimum duration time of a measurement, the minimum uncertainty principle is shown to be compatible with the relativistic postulate about the light speed as the maximum velocity of transmission of interaction. About this topic, the paper shows that the Lorenz invariance of the relativistic quantum potential (coming from the Dirac equation) enforces the hypothesis that the superluminal transmission of information are not present in measurements on quantum entangled state.
The paper investigates the non-local property of quantum mechanics by analyzing the role of the quantum potential in generating the non-local dynamics and how they are perturbed in presence of noise.The resulting open quantum dynamics much depend by the strength of the Hamiltonian interaction: Weakly bounded systems may not be able to maintain the quantum superposition of states on large distances and lead to the classical stochastic evolution.The stochastic hydrodynamic quantum approach shows that the wave-function collapse to an eigenstates can be described by the model itself and that the minimum uncertainty principle is compatible with the relativistic postulate about the light speed as the maximum velocity of transmission of interaction.The paper shows that the Lorenz invariance of the quantum potential does not allow superluminal transmission of information in measurements on quantum entangled states.
Principle of locality means that any local change (perturbation) of the stationary state wave function field propagates with finite speed, and therefore reaches distant regions of the field with time delay. If a one-particle or multi-particle non-relativistic quantum system is initially in a stationary state, and its wave function field is locally perturbed, then perturbed and non-perturbed sub-regions appear in the region. According to Schrödinger equation, borders of the perturbed sub-region propagate with infinite speed, and the perturbation instantaneously affects all infinite region. It means that Schrödinger equation predicts infinite speed of the wave function perturbations propagation. This feature of classical Schrödinger equation is traditionally interpreted as non-locality of quantum mechanics. From physical point of view, such mathematical behavior of Schrödinger equation solutions is questionable because it is difficult to accept that in real world infinite physical objects can instantaneously appear. We introduce a hypothesis that in reality speed of propagation of the perturbed sub-region borders is equal speed of light. On this basis we develop and analyze a finite propagation speed concept for non-relativistic quantum equations. It leads to local interpretation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics consistent with principle of locality and free of local hidden variables. The theory is applied to analysis of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, entanglement and properties of perturbed matter waves. We proved that formulated theory agrees with results of classical experiments on electron matter waves diffraction.
This work shows that in the frame of the stochastic generalization of the quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) the uncertainty principle is fully compatible with the postulate of finite transmission speed of light and information. The theory shows that the measurement process performed in the large scale classical limit in presence of background noise, cannot have a duration smaller than the time need to the light to travel the distance up to which the quantum non-local interaction extend itself. The product of the minimum measuring time multiplied by the variance of energy fluctuation due to presence of stochastic noise shows to lead to the minimum uncertainty principle. The paper also shows that the uncertainty relations can be also derived if applied to the indetermination of position and momentum of a particle of mass m in a quantum fluctuating environment.
A history of the discovery of quantum mechanics and paradoxes of its interpretation is reconsidered from the modern point of view of quantum stochastics and information. It is argued that in the orthodox quantum mechanics there is no place for quantum phenomenology such as events. The development of quantum measurement theory, initiated by von Neumann, and Bell's conceptual critics of hidden variable theories indicated a possibility for resolution of this crisis. This can be done by divorcing the algebra of the dynamical generators and an extended algebra of the potential (quantum) and the actual (classical) observables. The latter, called beables, form the center of the algebra of all observables, as the only visible (macroscopic) observables must be compatible with any hidden (microscopic) observable. It is shown that within this approach quantum causality can be rehabilitated within an extended quantum mechanics (eventum mechanics) in the form of a superselection rule for compatibility of the consistent histories with the statistically predictable future. The application of this rule in the form of the nondemolition principle leads to the statistical inference of the von Neumann projection postulate, and also to the more general quantum information dynamics for instantaneous events, spontaneous localizations (i.e. quantum jumps), and state diffusions (i.e. continuous trajectories). This gives a dynamical solution, in the form of a Dirac boundary value problem and reduced filtering equations, of the notorious decoherence and measurement problems which was tackled unsuccessfully by many famous mathematicians and physicists starting with von Neumann, Schroedinger and Bohr.
This work presents a conceptual and semi-formal analysis of quantum entanglement, locality, and determinism, motivated by a thought experiment involving double-slit measurements performed on entangled particles at spacelike separation. While quantum correlations appear instantaneous, the paper demonstrates that no superluminal information transfer or causal influence is required to explain observed outcomes.Building upon the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen framework and Bell’s theorem, the study distinguishes between local dynamical processes and nonlocal informational correlations encoded in the global quantum state. It argues that measurement outcomes are locally realized yet globally constrained, leading to an effectively deterministic universal description while preserving epistemic uncertainty for observers.The paper reframes quantum nonlocality as a manifestation of global consistency rather than physical influence, offering insights into the relationship between realism, free will, and relativistic causality. The discussion is interpretational in nature and does not introduce new experimental claims, aiming instead to clarify foundational assumptions underlying quantum theory.This work is intended for researchers and students interested in quantum foundations, the philosophy of physics, and the conceptual structure of modern physical theories.