Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0703185 · Physical Review Letters

Addressing Individual Atoms in Optical Lattices with Standing-Wave Driving Fields

Jaeyoon Cho

Published Jul 13, 2007• 50 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

A scheme for addressing individual atoms in one- or two-dimensional optical lattices loaded with one atom per site is proposed. The scheme is based on position-dependent atomic population transfer induced by several standing-wave driving fields. This allows various operations important in quantum-information processing, such as manipulation and measurement of any single-atom, two-qubit operations between any pair of adjacent atoms, and patterned loading of the lattice with one atom per every nth site for arbitrary n. The proposed scheme is robust against considerable imperfections and actually within reach of current technology.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.99.020502

Related papers

Quantum information with neutral atoms as qubits

J. V. Porto, S. L. Rolston, B. Laburthe-Tolra +2 more

One of the essential features of a quantum computer is a quantum 'register' of well-characterized qubits. Neutral atoms in optical lattices are a natural candidate for such a register. We have demonstrated a patterned-loading technique that can be used to load atoms into large arrays of tightly confined but optically resolvable lattice sites. We have also seen preliminary indications of the Mott-insulator transition, which provides a route for single-atom initialization of the individual sites. Combining the two experiments should allow for large arrays of individually addressable single atoms, a system which provides a starting point for further quantum computation studies.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences•Jul 15, 2003•59 citations

State-selective transport of single neutral atoms

Michał Karski

The present work investigates the state-selective transport of single neutral cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. It demonstrates experimental applications of this transport, including a single atom interferometer, a quantum walk and controlled two-atom collisions. The atoms are stored one by one in an optical lattice formed by a standing wave dipole trap. Their positions are determined with sub-micrometer precision, while atom pair separations are reliably inferred down to neighboring lattice sites using real-time numerical processing. Using microwave pulses in the presence of a magnetic field gradient, the internal qubit states, encoded in the hyperfine levels of the atoms, can be separately initialized and manipulated. This allows us to perform arbitrary single-qubit operations and prepare arbitrary patterns of atoms in the lattice with single-site precision. Chapter 1 presents the experimental setup for trapping a small number of cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Chapter 2 is devoted to fluorescence imaging of atoms, discussing the imaging setup, numeric methods and their performance in detail. Chapter 3 focuses on engineering of internal states of trapped atoms in the lattice using optical methods and microwave radiation. It provides a detailed investigation of coherence properties of our experimental system. Finally manipulation of individual atoms with almost single-site resolution and preparation of regular strings of atoms with predefined distances are presented. In Chapter 4, basic concepts, the experimental realization and the performance of the state-selective transport of neutral atoms over several lattice sites are presented and discussed in detail. Coherence properties of this transport are investigated in Chapter 5, using various two-arms single atom interferometer sequences in which atomic matter waves are split, delocalized, merged and recombined on the initial lattice site, while the interference contrast and the accumulated phase difference are measured. By delocalizing a single atom over several lattice sites, possible spatial inhomogeneities of fields along the lattice axis in the trapping region are probed. In Chapter 6, experimental realization of a discrete time quantum walk on a line with single optically trapped atoms is presented as an advanced application of multiple path quantum interference in the context of quantum information processing. Using this simple example of a quantum walk, fundamental properties of and differences between the quantum and classical regimes are investigated and discussed in detail. Finally, by combining preparation of atom strings, position-dependent manipulation of qubit states and state-selective transport, in Chapter 7, two atoms are deterministically brought together into contact, forming a starting point for investigating two-atom interactions on the most fundamental level. Future prospects and suggestions are finally presented in Chapter 8.

•Nov 5, 2010•2 citations

Imprinting patterns of neutral atoms in an optical lattice using magnetic resonance techniques

Michał Karski, Leonid Förster, Jai-Min Choi +5 more

We prepare arbitrary patterns of neutral atoms in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice with single-site precision using microwave radiation in a magnetic field gradient. We give a detailed account of the current limitations and propose methods to overcome them. Our results have direct relevance for addressing planes, strings or single atoms in higher-dimensional optical lattices for quantum information processing or quantum simulations with standard methods in current experiments. Furthermore, our findings pave the way for arbitrary single-qubit control with single-site resolution.

arXiv:0912.2517•New Journal of Physics•Jun 28, 2010•48 citations

Experimental Demonstration of Single-Site Addressability in a Two-Dimensional Optical Lattice

Peter Würtz, Tim Langen, Tatjana Gericke +2 more

We demonstrate single-site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice with 600 nm lattice spacing. After loading a Bose-Einstein condensate in the lattice potential, we use a focused electron beam to remove atoms from selected sites. The patterned structure is subsequently imaged by means of scanning electron microscopy. This technique allows one to create arbitrary patterns of mesoscopic atomic ensembles. We find that the patterns are remarkably stable against tunneling diffusion. Such microengineered quantum gases are a versatile resource for applications in quantum simulation, quantum optics, and quantum information processing with neutral atoms.

arXiv:0903.4837•Physical Review Letters•Aug 21, 2009•190 citations

Optical lattice-based addressing and control of long-lived neutral-atom qubits

Nathan E. Lundblad, Trey Porto, Ian B. Spielman +2 more

The design of many proposed quantum computational platforms is driven by competing needs: isolating the quantum system from the environment to prevent decoherence, and easily and accurately controlling the system with external fields. Neutral-atom optical-lattice architectures provide environmental isolation through the use of states that are robust against fluctuating external fields, yet external fields are nevertheless essential for qubit addressing. Here we demonstrate the selection of individual qubits with external fields, despite the fact that the qubits are in field-insensitive superpositions. We use a spatially inhomogeneous external field to map selected qubits to a different field-insensitive superposition, minimally perturbing unselected qubits, despite the fact that the addressing field is not spatially localized. We show robust single-qubit rotations on neutral-atom qubits located at sites within a double-well configuration with minimal dephasing of neighboring qubits. This precise coherent control is an important step forward for lattice-based neutral-atom quantum computation, and is quite generally applicable to state transfer and qubit isolation in other architectures using field-insensitive qubits. Additionally this double-well proof-of-principle work should be quite applicable in the single-site addressability regime currently being explored by several groups. Additionally we present work demonstrating the near-elimination of the differential light shift for various qubit transitions, using a novel scheme balancing differential shifts with residual vector light shifts of nominally field-insensitive transitions. For details see references [1–6]

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 20, 2009•0 citations

Site-Specific and Coherent Manipulation of Individual Qubits in a 1D Optical Lattice with a 532-nm Site Separation

Hyok Sang Han, Hyun Gyung Lee, D. Cho

We demonstrate gate operations on a single qubit at a specific site without perturbing the coherence of an adjacent qubit in a 1D optical lattice when the site separation is only 532 nm. Three types of spin rotations are performed on the target qubit with fidelities between 0.88±0.05 and 0.99±0.01, whereas the superposition state of the adjacent one is preserved with fidelities between 0.93±0.04 and 0.97±0.04. The qubit is realized by a pair of Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine states of a ^{7}Li atom, and each site is identified by its resonance frequency in a magnetic field gradient of 1.6 G/cm. We achieve the site-specific resolving power in the frequency domain by using magic polarization for the lattice beam that allows a Fourier-limited transition linewidth as well as by highly stabilizing the lattice parameters and the ambient conditions. We also discuss a two-atom entanglement scheme using a blockade by cold collisional shifts in a 1D superlattice, for which a coherent manipulation of individual qubits is a prerequisite.

Physical Review Letters•Apr 5, 2019•5 citations
A scheme for addressing individual atoms in one- or two-dimensional optical lattices loaded with one atom per site is proposed. The scheme is based on position-dependent atomic population transfer induced by several standing-wave driving fields. This allows various operations important in quantum-information processing, such as manipulation and measurement of any single-atom, two-qubit operations between any pair of adjacent atoms, and patterned loading of the lattice with one atom per every nth site for arbitrary n. The proposed scheme is robust against considerable imperfections and actually within reach of current technology.
One of the essential features of a quantum computer is a quantum 'register' of well-characterized qubits. Neutral atoms in optical lattices are a natural candidate for such a register. We have demonstrated a patterned-loading technique that can be used to load atoms into large arrays of tightly confined but optically resolvable lattice sites. We have also seen preliminary indications of the Mott-insulator transition, which provides a route for single-atom initialization of the individual sites. Combining the two experiments should allow for large arrays of individually addressable single atoms, a system which provides a starting point for further quantum computation studies.
The present work investigates the state-selective transport of single neutral cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. It demonstrates experimental applications of this transport, including a single atom interferometer, a quantum walk and controlled two-atom collisions. The atoms are stored one by one in an optical lattice formed by a standing wave dipole trap. Their positions are determined with sub-micrometer precision, while atom pair separations are reliably inferred down to neighboring lattice sites using real-time numerical processing. Using microwave pulses in the presence of a magnetic field gradient, the internal qubit states, encoded in the hyperfine levels of the atoms, can be separately initialized and manipulated. This allows us to perform arbitrary single-qubit operations and prepare arbitrary patterns of atoms in the lattice with single-site precision. Chapter 1 presents the experimental setup for trapping a small number of cesium atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Chapter 2 is devoted to fluorescence imaging of atoms, discussing the imaging setup, numeric methods and their performance in detail. Chapter 3 focuses on engineering of internal states of trapped atoms in the lattice using optical methods and microwave radiation. It provides a detailed investigation of coherence properties of our experimental system. Finally manipulation of individual atoms with almost single-site resolution and preparation of regular strings of atoms with predefined distances are presented. In Chapter 4, basic concepts, the experimental realization and the performance of the state-selective transport of neutral atoms over several lattice sites are presented and discussed in detail. Coherence properties of this transport are investigated in Chapter 5, using various two-arms single atom interferometer sequences in which atomic matter waves are split, delocalized, merged and recombined on the initial lattice site, while the interference contrast and the accumulated phase difference are measured. By delocalizing a single atom over several lattice sites, possible spatial inhomogeneities of fields along the lattice axis in the trapping region are probed. In Chapter 6, experimental realization of a discrete time quantum walk on a line with single optically trapped atoms is presented as an advanced application of multiple path quantum interference in the context of quantum information processing. Using this simple example of a quantum walk, fundamental properties of and differences between the quantum and classical regimes are investigated and discussed in detail. Finally, by combining preparation of atom strings, position-dependent manipulation of qubit states and state-selective transport, in Chapter 7, two atoms are deterministically brought together into contact, forming a starting point for investigating two-atom interactions on the most fundamental level. Future prospects and suggestions are finally presented in Chapter 8.
We prepare arbitrary patterns of neutral atoms in a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice with single-site precision using microwave radiation in a magnetic field gradient. We give a detailed account of the current limitations and propose methods to overcome them. Our results have direct relevance for addressing planes, strings or single atoms in higher-dimensional optical lattices for quantum information processing or quantum simulations with standard methods in current experiments. Furthermore, our findings pave the way for arbitrary single-qubit control with single-site resolution.
We demonstrate single-site addressability in a two-dimensional optical lattice with 600 nm lattice spacing. After loading a Bose-Einstein condensate in the lattice potential, we use a focused electron beam to remove atoms from selected sites. The patterned structure is subsequently imaged by means of scanning electron microscopy. This technique allows one to create arbitrary patterns of mesoscopic atomic ensembles. We find that the patterns are remarkably stable against tunneling diffusion. Such microengineered quantum gases are a versatile resource for applications in quantum simulation, quantum optics, and quantum information processing with neutral atoms.
The design of many proposed quantum computational platforms is driven by competing needs: isolating the quantum system from the environment to prevent decoherence, and easily and accurately controlling the system with external fields. Neutral-atom optical-lattice architectures provide environmental isolation through the use of states that are robust against fluctuating external fields, yet external fields are nevertheless essential for qubit addressing. Here we demonstrate the selection of individual qubits with external fields, despite the fact that the qubits are in field-insensitive superpositions. We use a spatially inhomogeneous external field to map selected qubits to a different field-insensitive superposition, minimally perturbing unselected qubits, despite the fact that the addressing field is not spatially localized. We show robust single-qubit rotations on neutral-atom qubits located at sites within a double-well configuration with minimal dephasing of neighboring qubits. This precise coherent control is an important step forward for lattice-based neutral-atom quantum computation, and is quite generally applicable to state transfer and qubit isolation in other architectures using field-insensitive qubits. Additionally this double-well proof-of-principle work should be quite applicable in the single-site addressability regime currently being explored by several groups. Additionally we present work demonstrating the near-elimination of the differential light shift for various qubit transitions, using a novel scheme balancing differential shifts with residual vector light shifts of nominally field-insensitive transitions. For details see references [1–6]
We demonstrate gate operations on a single qubit at a specific site without perturbing the coherence of an adjacent qubit in a 1D optical lattice when the site separation is only 532 nm. Three types of spin rotations are performed on the target qubit with fidelities between 0.88±0.05 and 0.99±0.01, whereas the superposition state of the adjacent one is preserved with fidelities between 0.93±0.04 and 0.97±0.04. The qubit is realized by a pair of Zeeman-sensitive ground hyperfine states of a ^{7}Li atom, and each site is identified by its resonance frequency in a magnetic field gradient of 1.6 G/cm. We achieve the site-specific resolving power in the frequency domain by using magic polarization for the lattice beam that allows a Fourier-limited transition linewidth as well as by highly stabilizing the lattice parameters and the ambient conditions. We also discuss a two-atom entanglement scheme using a blockade by cold collisional shifts in a 1D superlattice, for which a coherent manipulation of individual qubits is a prerequisite.