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arXiv:quant-ph/0701050 · Physics Reports

Multiphoton quantum optics and quantum state engineering

Fabio Dell’Anno, Silvio De Siena, Fabrizio Illuminati

Published Mar 7, 2006• 308 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physrep.2006.01.004

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Photon creation and annihilation are two basic operators in quantum optics. Their experimental implementation provides a perfect toolbox for quantum state engineering. The simplest quantum states, which can be modified both by photon creation and annihilation are thermal states of light. Therefore, the multiphoton subtracted thermal states (MPSTS) draw attention of quantum optics experimentalists last decade. Despite its simplicity they serve as a good testing area for study of a number of quantum phenomena. In the current work we give a review of the recent works related to MPSTS: their theoretical description, preparation and measurement technique and their utilization as a testing area for studying some quantum phenomena like non-Gaussianity, Photonic Maxwell‟s Demon, Quantum Vampire and so on.
We propose to generate the multiphoton subradiant states and investigate their fluorescences in an array of two-level atoms. These multiphoton states are created initially from the timed Dicke states. Then we can use either a Zeeman or Stark field gradient pulse to imprint linearly increasing phases on the atoms, and this phase-imprinting process unitarily evolves the system to the multiphoton subradiant states. The fluorescence engages a long-range dipole-dipole interaction which originates from a system-reservoir coupling in the dissipation. We locate some of the subradiant multiphoton states from the eigenmodes and show that an optically thick atomic array is best for the preparation of the state with the most reduced decay rate. This phase-imprinting process enables quantum-state engineering of the multiphoton subradiant states and realizes a potential quantum storage of the photonic qubits in the two-level atoms.
The prominent role that linear optical networks have acquired in the engineering of photon states calls for physically intuitive and automatic methods to compute the probability amplitudes for the multiphoton quantum processes occurring in linear optics. A version of Wick's theorem for the expectation value, on any vector state, of products of linear operators, in general, is proved. We use it to extract the combinatorics of any multiphoton quantum processes in linear optics. The result is presented as a concise rule to write down directly explicit formulae for the probability amplitude of any multiphoton process in linear optics. The rule achieves a considerable simplification and provides an intuitive physical insight about quantum multiphoton processes. The methodology is applied to the generation of high-photon-number entangled states by interferometrically mixing coherent light with spontaneously down-converted light.