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arXiv:quant-ph/0612138 · Applied Physics Letters

Ultrahigh finesse Fabry-Pérot superconducting resonator

Stefan Kuhr, S. Gleyzes, Christine Guerlin, J. Bernu, Ulrich B. Hoff, S. Deléglise, S. Osnaghi, M. Brune, J. M. Raimond, S. Haroche, E. Jacques, P. Bosland, B. Visentin

Published Apr 16, 2007• 239 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The authors have built a microwave Fabry-Pérot resonator made of diamond-machined copper mirrors coated with superconducting niobium. Its damping time (Tc=130ms at 51GHz and 0.8K) corresponds to a finesse of 4.6×109, the highest ever reached for a Fabry-Pérot in any frequency range. This result opens many perspectives for quantum information processing, decoherence and nonlocality studies.

DOI
10.1063/1.2724816

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The authors have built a microwave Fabry-Pérot resonator made of diamond-machined copper mirrors coated with superconducting niobium. Its damping time (Tc=130ms at 51GHz and 0.8K) corresponds to a finesse of 4.6×109, the highest ever reached for a Fabry-Pérot in any frequency range. This result opens many perspectives for quantum information processing, decoherence and nonlocality studies.
Superconducting resonators at K-band frequencies have been developed for different applications in general physics. Niobium pillbox cavities have been built for the one-atom maser experiment by which the interaction of Rydberg atoms with single microwave photons has been investigated. At 21.5 GHz and 1.3 K, quality factors of up to 10/sup 11/ were obtained. Coating of the cavity with Nb/sub 3/Sn resulted in quality factors of 6*10/sup 8/ at 4.2 K and 6*10/sup 9/ at 2 K. A superconducting Fabry-Perot resonator consisting of two spherically curved niobium mirrors was also investigated. The quality factor of 1.8*10/sup 7/ measured at 25 GHz and 4.2 K was found to be two orders of magnitude higher than for a corresponding copper resonator. Fabry-Perot resonators can be used for detecting small position changes for one mirror with respect to another caused by gravitational forces. First experiments with copper Fabry-Perot mirrors suspended in a vacuum chamber provided a maximum sensitivity for a gravitational acceleration of one mirror of 4*10/sup -11/ m/s/sup 2/. These results are promising for a possible fifth force detector based on a superconducting Fabry-Perot resonator.>
Abstract A superconducting Fabry–Perot microwave cavity for a molecular trap was designed, constructed and characterized. The cavity was designed to create intense microwave fields that are sufficient to trap cold polar molecules by the AC Stark force. By coating the mirror surfaces with a superconducting material, an unloaded quality factor of up to 1.1 × 106 at 24.087 GHz was achieved at a temperature of 2.24 K. The field strength of 1.06 MV m−1 obtained for a TEM02 transverse mode with an input power of 10 W is sufficiently intense to trap ammonia molecules at a temperature of 85 mK, which is achievable by a conventional Stark molecular decelerator. We have also implemented an ion optics assembly for sensitive detection of molecules inside the microwave cavity by resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization.
SummaryActive optical atomic clocks are emerging as a new promising tool for time and frequency metrology. Such clocks have the potential to reach a fractional frequency instability in the 10-18range at one second [1]. These references are based on the superradiant emission of an ensemble of atoms coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field [2]. For optical references, this coupling is achieved through a resonant high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity that therefore plays a crucial role to reach superradiant lasing. Specific characteristics are required to permit superradiant emission in a metrologically relevant regime: tunability of the cavity resonant frequency, ability to accommodate atoms and low fractional length fluctuations, in the order of 10-13. This work shows the conception, through simulation, assembly and preliminary characterization of this Fabry Perot cavity.
Abstract. We have realized a fiber-based Fabry-Perot cavity with CO2 laser-machined mirrors. It combines very small size, high finesse F ≥ 130000, small waist and mode volume, and good mode matching between the fiber and cavity modes. This combination of features is a major advance for cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED), as shown in recent CQED experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates enabled by this cavity [Y. Colombe et al., Nature 450, 272 (2007)]. It should also be suitable for a wide range of other applications, including coupling to solid-state emitters, gas detection at the single-particle level, fiber-coupled single-photon sources and high-resolution optical filters with large stopband. PACS numbers: 07.60.Vg, 42.50.Ex, 42.50.Pq, 42.81.Wg 1.
Abstract We report the development of an ultrahigh- Q aluminum superconducting microwave resonator on diamond. Our lumped-element LC resonator consists of a central inductive wire, interdigitated comb fingers and signal coupling pads. The resonance frequency of the ground-state mode is measured to be 2.80 GHz with a maximum internal quality factor of 1.0 × 10 6 at 20 mK. Replacing the micron-scale inductive wire with a nanometric one, our resonator will make it possible to detect and manipulate single solid-state qubits, e.g. nitrogen-vacancy centers, using single microwave photons.
Fiber Fabry–Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications, where they typically require precise stabilization of their optical resonances. Here, we study two different approaches to construct fiber Fabry–Perot resonators and stabilize their length for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics with neutral atoms. A piezo-mechanically actuated cavity with feedback based on the Pound–Drever–Hall locking technique is compared to a novel rigid cavity design that makes use of the high passive stability of a monolithic cavity spacer and employs thermal self-locking and external temperature tuning. Furthermore, we present a general analysis of the mode matching problem in fiber Fabry–Perot cavities, which explains the asymmetry in their reflective line shapes and has important implications for the optimal alignment of the fiber resonators. Finally, we discuss the issue of fiber-generated background photons. We expect that our results contribute toward the integration of high-finesse fiber Fabry–Perot cavities into compact and robust quantum-enabled devices in the future.