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arXiv:quant-ph/0611205 · Physical Review A

Momentum entanglement and disentanglement between an atom and a photon

Rui Guo, Hong Mei Guo

Published Jul 18, 2007• 8 citations
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Abstract

With the quantum interference between two transition pathways, we demonstrate a scheme to coherently control the momentum entanglement between a single atom and a single photon. The unavoidable disentanglement is also studied from the first principle, which indicates that the stably entangled atom-photon system with superhigh degree of entanglement may be realized with this scheme under certain conditions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.012112

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With the quantum interference between two transition pathways, we demonstrate a scheme to coherently control the momentum entanglement between a single atom and a single photon. The unavoidable disentanglement is also studied from the first principle, which indicates that the stably entangled atom-photon system with superhigh degree of entanglement may be realized with this scheme under certain conditions.
A scheme for entangling distant atoms is realized, as proposed in the seminal paper by [C. Cabrillo et al., Phys. Rev. A 59, 1025 (1999)]. The protocol is based on quantum interference and detection of a single photon scattered from two effectively one meter distant laser cooled and trapped atomic ions. The detection of a single photon heralds entanglement of two internal states of the trapped ions with high rate and with a fidelity limited mostly by atomic motion. Control of the entangled state phase is demonstrated by changing the path length of the single-photon interferometer.
Entanglement between a single photon and a matter qubit is an indispensable resource for quantum repeater and quantum networks. With atomic ensembles, the entanglement creation probability is typically very low to inhibit high-order events. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize a scheme that creates atom-photon entanglement with an intrinsic efficiency of 50%. We make use of Rydberg blockade to generate two collective excitations, lying in separate internal states. By introducing the momentum degree of freedom for the excitations, and interfering them via Raman coupling, we entangle the two excitations. Via retrieving one excitation, we create the entanglement between the polarization of a single photon and the momentum of the remaining atomic excitation, with a measured fidelity of 0.901(8). The retrieved optical field is verified to be genuine single photons. The realized entanglement may be employed to create entanglement between two distant nodes in a fully heralded way and with a much higher efficiency.