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arXiv:1903.08902 · Physical Review Letters

Semideterministic Entanglement between a Single Photon and an Atomic Ensemble

Jun Li, Ming-Ti Zhou, Chao-Wei Yang, Peng-Fei Sun, Jian-Long Liu, Xiao‐Hui Bao, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Oct 4, 2019• 31 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement between a single photon and a matter qubit is an indispensable resource for quantum repeater and quantum networks. With atomic ensembles, the entanglement creation probability is typically very low to inhibit high-order events. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize a scheme that creates atom-photon entanglement with an intrinsic efficiency of 50%. We make use of Rydberg blockade to generate two collective excitations, lying in separate internal states. By introducing the momentum degree of freedom for the excitations, and interfering them via Raman coupling, we entangle the two excitations. Via retrieving one excitation, we create the entanglement between the polarization of a single photon and the momentum of the remaining atomic excitation, with a measured fidelity of 0.901(8). The retrieved optical field is verified to be genuine single photons. The realized entanglement may be employed to create entanglement between two distant nodes in a fully heralded way and with a much higher efficiency.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.123.140504

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Entanglement between a single photon and a matter qubit is an indispensable resource for quantum repeater and quantum networks. With atomic ensembles, the entanglement creation probability is typically very low to inhibit high-order events. In this paper, we propose and experimentally realize a scheme that creates atom-photon entanglement with an intrinsic efficiency of 50%. We make use of Rydberg blockade to generate two collective excitations, lying in separate internal states. By introducing the momentum degree of freedom for the excitations, and interfering them via Raman coupling, we entangle the two excitations. Via retrieving one excitation, we create the entanglement between the polarization of a single photon and the momentum of the remaining atomic excitation, with a measured fidelity of 0.901(8). The retrieved optical field is verified to be genuine single photons. The realized entanglement may be employed to create entanglement between two distant nodes in a fully heralded way and with a much higher efficiency.
Hybrid matter-photon entanglement is the building block for quantum networks. It is very favorable if the entanglement can be prepared with a high probability. In this Letter, we report the deterministic creation of entanglement between an atomic ensemble and a single photon by harnessing the Rydberg blockade. We design a scheme that creates entanglement between a single photon's temporal modes and the Rydberg levels that host a collective excitation, using a process of cyclical retrieving and patching. The hybrid entanglement is tested via retrieving the atomic excitation as a second photon and performing correlation measurements, which suggest an entanglement fidelity of 87.8%. Our source of matter-photon entanglement will enable the entangling of remote quantum memories with much higher efficiency.
Remote entanglement of matter qubits plays an important role in quantum networks and quantum repeater. Collective excitations generated via Rydberg blockade in an atomic ensemble-known as Rydberg superatoms-are promising candidates due to collectively enhanced atom-photon coupling and Rydberg-enabled nonlinearity. Here, we experimentally realize remote entanglement between two Rydberg superatoms via single-photon interference. The two setups are separated by 3 m and linked with two 20-m fibers, operated with independent control lasers. We verify that the entanglement generated is free from high-order excitation noise that is a key drawback in the traditional Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller scheme. This Letter paves the way for entangling long-distance separated Rydberg superatoms at a high rate, as the success probability of a single-photon-based entangling scheme scales with the square root of the channel transmittance.
We propose a scheme for realizing quantum repeaters with Rydberg-blockade-coupled atomic ensembles, based on a recently proposed collective encoding strategy. Rydberg-blockade-mediated two-qubit gates and efficient cooperative photon emission are employed to create ensemble-photon entanglement. Thanks to deterministic entanglement swapping operations via Rydberg-based two-qubit gates, and to the suppression of multiexcitation errors by the blockade effect, the entanglement distribution rate of the present scheme is higher by orders of magnitude than the rates achieved by other ensemble-based repeaters. We also show how to realize temporal multiplexing with this system, which offers an additional speedup in entanglement distribution.
Quantum repeater is one of the important building blocks for long distance quantum communication network. The previous quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optical elements can only be performed with a maximal success probability of 1/2 during the entanglement creation and entanglement swapping procedures. Meanwhile, the polarization noise during the entanglement distribution process is harmful to the entangled channel created. Here we introduce a general interface between a polarized photon and an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-sided optical cavity, and with which we propose a high-efficiency quantum repeater protocol in which the robust entanglement distribution is accomplished by the stable spatial-temporal entanglement and it can in principle create the deterministic entanglement between neighboring atomic ensembles in a heralded way as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Meanwhile, the simplified parity-check gate makes the entanglement swapping be completed with unity efficiency, other than 1/2 with linear optics. We detail the performance of our protocol with current experimental parameters and show its robustness to the imperfections, i.e., detuning and coupling variation, involved in the reflection process. These good features make it a useful building block in long distance quantum communication.
Here we present an experimentally feasible scheme to entangle flying qubit (individual photon with polarization modes) and stationary qubit (atomic ensembles with long-lived collective excitations). This entanglement integrating two different species can act as a critical element for the coherent transfer of quantum information between flying and stationary qubits. The entanglement degree can be also adjusted expediently with linear optics. Furthermore, the present scheme can be modified to generate this entanglement in a way event-ready, with the employment of a pair of entangled photons. And then successful preparation can be unambiguously heralded by coincident between two single-photon detectors. Its application for individual photons quantum memory is also analyzed. The physical requirements of all those preparation and applications processing are moderate, and well fit the present technique.
We demonstrate a novel way to efficiently create a robust entanglement between an atomic and a photonic qubit. A single laser beam is used to excite one atomic ensemble and two different modes of Raman fields are collected to generate the atom-photon entanglement. With the help of built-in quantum memory, the entanglement still exists after 20.5 micros storage time which is further proved by the violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt type Bell's inequality. The entanglement procedure can serve as a building block for a novel robust quantum repeater architecture [Zhao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 240502 (2007)10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.240502] and can be extended to generate high-dimensional atom-photon entanglements.