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arXiv:quant-ph/0611178 · Physical Review A

Preparation and determination of spin-polarized states in multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms

Bo Wang, Yanxu Han, Jintao Xiao, Xudong Yang, Chunhong Zhang, Hai Wang, Min Xiao, Kunchi Peng

Published May 2, 2007• 35 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate a simple, all-optical technique to prepare and determine the desired internal quantum states in multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms. By choosing appropriate coupling and pumping laser beams, atoms can be easily prepared in a desired Zeeman sublevel with high purity or in any chosen ground-state population distributions (spin-polarized quantum-state engineering). The population distributions or state purities of such prepared atomic states can be determined by using a weak, circularly polarized probe beam due to differences in transition strengths among different Zeeman sublevels. This technique will have potential impact on quantum-information processing in multilevel atomic systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.051801

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We demonstrate a simple, all-optical technique to prepare and determine the desired internal quantum states in multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms. By choosing appropriate coupling and pumping laser beams, atoms can be easily prepared in a desired Zeeman sublevel with high purity or in any chosen ground-state population distributions (spin-polarized quantum-state engineering). The population distributions or state purities of such prepared atomic states can be determined by using a weak, circularly polarized probe beam due to differences in transition strengths among different Zeeman sublevels. This technique will have potential impact on quantum-information processing in multilevel atomic systems.
We present an all-optical method for the highly efficient preparation of cold atoms in a specific Zeeman state, such as the magnetically insensitive clock state ( m F = 0) or a particular state suitable for quantum information processing and storage. This technique employs a single microwave spectrum, enabling precise determination of the population distribution, microwave polarization ratio, and microwave Rabi frequency individually. By analyzing the microwave spectrum, we can track the population distribution while systematically varying the power or period of the optical pumping field(s). In steady-state conditions, our simplified model, which incorporates resonant and off-resonant transitions, reveals an upper limit to the population purity. Through the optimization of the intensity and polarization of the optical pumping field, we have achieved exceptional population purities of up to 96(2)% or 98(1)% for the desired quantum state. These remarkable results indicate a significant advancement in state preparation accuracy. Our all-optical method introduces an approach to achieving high-purity atomic states while employing novel microwave spectroscopy to accurately detect all unknown parameters, offering valuable insights and potential applications in precision measurement and quantum computation research.
The ground state magnetic sublevel populations of a cesium atomic beam have been measured by laser-induced fluorescence in a 430 G magnetic field. The detected induced fluorescence spectrum is in excellent agreement with calculation. After preparing the beam in the F=4, M=-4 state by optical pumping with diode lasers, this novel detection technique was used to measure a 93% spin polarization of the atomic beam. We have also demonstrated the use of this technique to detect changes in atomic spin after collisions with electrons.
Specific types of atomic coherences between Zeeman sublevels can be generated and detected using a method based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light. Linearly polarized, frequency-modulated light is employed to selectively generate ground-state coherences between Zeeman sublevels for which $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=2$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=4$ in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb and 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms, and additionally $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=6$ in 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb. The atomic coherences are detected with a separate, unmodulated probe light beam. Separation of the pump and probe beams enables independent investigation of the processes of creation and detection of the atomic coherences. With the present technique the transfer of the Zeeman coherences, including high-order coherences, from excited to ground state by spontaneous emission has been observed.
Abstract Incorporating the rate equations of the laser pumped atomic system, the population evolution of the Cesium Zeeman sublevels is calculated and discussed when a specific sequence of laser pulses irradiate the Cesium vapor. In this scheme, after the equalization of the sublevel populations by a magnetically resonant RF pulse, using a left (right) circularly polarized laser pulse the whole atomic population transfer to high (low) projection numbers. Then by irradiating a right (left) polarized laser pulse with appropriate duration and intensity, the desired population distribution could be obtained. The effects of different sequence parameters on the population distribution of Zeeman sublevels are investigated and it is shown that by proper process adjustment it is possible to arbitrary engineer the population distribution. Preparing the desired distribution of the population in the atomic sublevels is substantially important in different light–matter interaction experiments.
Cs) atoms by applying circularly polarized light at an optimal frequency for electronic transitions from ground to excited states. To enhance control over sublevel populations following optical pumping, we incorporate a radiofrequency (RF) field. This integrated approach enables us to achieve a tailored distribution of atomic sublevel populations with high efficiency. Utilizing the Lindblad master equation, we provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing these dynamics, examining relaxation rates, repopulation processes, and the evolution of cesium Zeeman sublevels. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of the Lindblad master equation in accounting for external field effects and environmental interactions, significantly improving the accuracy and generalizability of optical pumping models. This method holds substantial promise for various applications in optical experiments, including magnetometry and quantum computing, paving the way for future advancements in these fields.
A cesium atomic beam having a high degree of polarization is prepared by optical pumping with two circularly polarized diode lasers, and a technique for state-sensitive atomic detection involving laser-induced fluorescence in a magnetic field (LIFB) is introduced. An atomic-beam polarization of 93% is measured using the LIFB technique, and the combined use of optical-state preparation and LIFB detection in an atomic-recoil experiment to study spin-changing electron-atom collisions is demonstrated.