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arXiv:quant-ph/0610126 · Physical Review A

Quantum tunneling through potentials induced by vacuum-multiparticle interactions

Mihai Macovei

Published Apr 3, 2007• 1 citation
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Abstract

The vacuum cavity mode induces a potential barrier and a well when an ultraslow excited atom enters the interaction region so that it can be reflected or transmitted with a certain probability. We demonstrate here that a slow-velocity excited particle tunnels freely through a vacuum electromagnetic field mode filled with $N\ensuremath{-}1$ ground state atoms. The reason for this is the trapping of the moving atom into its upper state due to multiparticle influences and the corresponding decoupling from the interaction with the environment such that the emitter does not ``see'' the induced potentials.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.043803

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The vacuum cavity mode induces a potential barrier and a well when an ultraslow excited atom enters the interaction region so that it can be reflected or transmitted with a certain probability. We demonstrate here that a slow-velocity excited particle tunnels freely through a vacuum electromagnetic field mode filled with N\ensuremath−1N\ensuremath{-}1N\ensuremath−1 ground state atoms. The reason for this is the trapping of the moving atom into its upper state due to multiparticle influences and the corresponding decoupling from the interaction with the environment such that the emitter does not ``see'' the induced potentials.
Abstract We study the tunneling and traversal time of ultracold two-level atoms through a high quality microwave cavity containing N − 1 ground state atoms. The phase time of tunneling may be considered as a measure of the time required to traverse the cavity which exhibits both super and subclassical traversal behaviors. Here we examine that superclassical phase time behavior suppresses with the increase in the number of motionless ground state atoms inside the cavity. It happens due to the multipartite influence in the interaction that traps the incident atom into its upper state such that it does not observe any induced potential. Accordingly, for larger atomic samples, the incident atoms in the initial excited states get perfect transmission and tunnel through the cavity nearly with the same speed as they would have moved through a free space. This is true for any width of potential and the particle’s speed provided that the center-of-mass energy of the incident particle lies in the classically forbidden range.
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We analyse the force on an atom resonantly coupled to the vacuum field in a high-Q microwave cavity. The atom is prepared in the upper level of the atomic transition coupled to the cavity mode. The force results from the reversible exchange of a single excitation between the atom and the cavity. It derives from a potential which reflects the spatial variations of the r.m.s. vacuum field inside the cavity. Depending upon the atom-cavity dressed state into which the system is prepared, this potential presents either a maximum or a minimum at the point where vacuum fluctuations are largest. Very slow circular Rydberg atoms may be reflected back as they enter the cavity, or trapped around cavity centre.
In this paper, we study the tunneling and traversal of ultracold two-level atoms through the potential induced by the vacuum cavity mode. In particular, we discuss the effects of off-resonant interaction between the cavity mode and atomic transition on tunneling time of the ultracold atoms through a high-QQQ mazer cavity. The phase time which may be considered as an appropriate measure of the time required for the atom to cross the cavity, exhibits some interesting features in the presence of off-resonant interaction. For example, switching between the sub and superclassical behaviors in phase time occurs for proper choice of detuning. Similarly, negative phase time appears for the transmission of atoms in both excited and ground states in the presence of off-resonant interaction.
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