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arXiv:quant-ph/0608174 · Physical Review Letters

Preventing Multipartite Disentanglement by Local Modulations

Goren Gordon, Gershon Kurizki

Published Sep 13, 2006• 70 citations
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Abstract

An entangled multipartite system coupled to a zero-temperature bath undergoes rapid disentanglement in many realistic scenarios due to local, symmetry-breaking differences in the particle-bath couplings. We show that locally controlled perturbations, addressing each particle individually, can impose a symmetry allowing the existence of decoherence-free multipartite entangled systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.97.110503

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An entangled multipartite system coupled to a zero-temperature bath undergoes rapid disentanglement in many realistic scenarios due to local, symmetry-breaking differences in the particle-bath couplings. We show that locally controlled perturbations, addressing each particle individually, can impose a symmetry allowing the existence of decoherence-free multipartite entangled systems.
Entanglement is very susceptible to decoherence and can rapidly decay or even completely disappear in finite time. A universal dynamical control of the disentanglement approach is presented, whereby one locally modulates entangled systems weakly coupled to thermal baths. We show that these local modulations can reduce the entanglement's decay rate and may facilitate controlled oscillations of entanglement that result in entanglement partial resuscitation. In the case of separate systems, we show that controlling the asymmetry between the systems' decoherence rates may result in partial resuscitation in non-Markovian time scales. Furthermore, controlling the time-dependent cross-decoherence of systems coupled to the same bath may exhibit partial resuscitation on longer time scales, dictated by the local modulations.
Using quantum channels to transmit classical information has been proven to be advantageous in several scenarios. These channels have been assumed to be memoryless, meaning that consecutive transmissions of information are uncorrelated. However, as shown experimentally, such correlations do exist, and thereby retain memory of previous information. This memory complicates the protection of entangled-information transmission from decoherence. We have recently addressed these fundamental questions by developing a generalized master equation for multipartite entangled systems coupled to finite-temperature baths and subject to arbitrary external perturbations whose role is to provide dynamical protection from decay and decoherence. Here we explore and extend the foregoing strategy to quantum optical communication schemes wherein polarization-entangled photons traverse a bit-flip channel with temporal and spatial memory, such that the two channels experience cross-decoherence. We introduce a novel approach to the protection of the entangled information from decoherence in such schemes. It is based on selectively modulating the photon polarizations in each channel. We show that by applying selective modulation, one can independently control the symmetry and spatial memory attributes of the channel. We then explore the effects of these attributes on the channel capacity. Remarkably, we show that there is a nontrivial interplay between the effects of asymmetry and memory on the channel capacity.
An exactly solvable Kitaev model in a two-dimensional square lattice exhibits a topological quantum phase transition which is different from the symmetry-breaking transition at zero temperature. When the ground state of a nonlinearly perturbed Kitaev model with different strengths of perturbation taken as the initial state is quenched to a pure Kitaev model, we demonstrate that various features of the dynamical state, such as the Loschmidt echo and time-averaged multipartite entanglement, can determine whether the initial state belongs to the topological phase or not. Moreover, the derivatives of the dynamical quantifiers can faithfully identify the topological quantum phase transition, which is present at equilibrium. When the individual qubits of the lattice interact with the local thermal bath repeatedly, we observe that block entanglement in dissipative dynamics can, nevertheless, distinguish the equilibrium phases from which the system starts evolution.