Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0604121 · Physical Review A

Quantum communication and computing with atomic ensembles using a light-shift-imbalance-induced blockade

M. S. Shahriar, G. S. Pati, K. Salit

Published Feb 21, 2007• 17 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recently, we have shown that for conditions under which the so-called light-shift imbalance induced blockade occurs, the collective excitation of an ensemble of a multilevel atom can be treated as a closed two-level system. In this paper, we describe how such a system can be used as a quantum bit (qubit) for quantum communication and quantum computing. Specifically, we show how to realize a controlled-NOT gate using the collective qubit and an easily accessible ring cavity, via an extension of the so-called Pellizzari scheme. We also describe how multiple, small-scale quantum computers realized using these qubits can be linked effectively for implementing a quantum internet. We describe the details of the energy levels and transitions in an $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atom that could be used for implementing these schemes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.75.022323

Related papers

Rydberg excitation assisted light shift blockade in Rb atoms for realizing a collective state quantum bit and quantum memory

Yanfei Tu, May E. Kim, M. S. Shahriar

Previously, we had proposed the technique of light shift imbalance induced blockade which leads to a condition where a collection of non-interacting atoms under laser excitation remains combined to a superposition of the ground and the fist excited states, thus realizing a collective state quantum bit which in turn can be used to realize a quantum computer. In this paper, we show first that the light shift imbalance by itself is actually not enough to produce such a blockade, and explain the reason by the limitation of our previous analysis had reached this constraint. We then show that by introducing Rydberg interaction, it is possible to achieve such a blockade for a wide range of parameters. Analytic arguments used to establish these results are confirmed by numerical simulations. The fidelity of coupled quantum gates based on such collective state qubits is highly insensitive to the exact number of atoms in the ensemble. As such, this approach may prove be viable for scalable quantum computing based on neutral atoms.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 3, 2014•0 citations

Quantum Computing with Collective Ensembles of Multilevel Systems

E. Brion, Klaus Mølmer, Mark E. Saffman

We propose a new physical approach for encoding and processing of quantum information in ensembles of multilevel quantum systems, where the different bits are not carried by individual particles but associated with the collective population of different internal levels. One- and two-bit gates are implemented by collective internal state transitions taking place in the presence of an excitation blockade mechanism, which restricts the population of each internal state to the values zero and unity. Quantum computers with 10-20 bits can be built via this scheme in single trapped clouds of ground state atoms subject to the Rydberg excitation blockade mechanism, and the linear dependence between register size and the number of internal quantum states in atoms offers realistic means to reach larger registers.

arXiv:0708.1386•Physical Review Letters•Dec 26, 2007•167 citations

Optically Controlled Distributed Quantum Computing Using Atomic Ensembles As Qubits

M. S. Shahriar

Abstract : The goal of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing a large quantum computer by linking a series of elementary quantum computers (EQCs), using ensembles of atoms as qubits. We built all the tools for making an EQC.However, experimental work revealed that use of light shift imbalance only is not enough to achieve the required blockade. We have now shown why this is the case, and have identified how the blockade can be restored by using Rydberg interaction assisted light-shift imbalance. However, due to lack of necessary lasers, we were unable to demonstrate the EQC using this scheme. Instead, we focused on exploring other aspects of collective state entanglement for precision metrology. Specifically, we have shown how to realize spin-squeezed collective state atomic interferometer (COSAIN) and collective state atomic clock (COSAC), capable of improving the performance by a factor of root-N, thus reaching the Heisenberg limit. Significant experimental work has been carried out to demonstrate these devices, and this work will be carried to completion in the near future.

•Feb 23, 2016•0 citations

Fast and robust two- and three-qubit swapping gates on multi-atomic ensembles in quantum electrodynamic cavity

Sergey N. Andrianov, Sergey A. Moiseev

Creation of quantum computer is outstanding fundamental and practical problem. The quantum computer could be used for execution of very complicated tasks which are not solvable with the classical computers. The first prototype of solid state quantum computer was created in 2009 with superconducting qubits. However, it suffers from the decoherent processes and it is desirable to find more practical encoding of qubits with long-lived coherence. It could be single impurity or vacancy centers in solids, but their interaction with electromagnetic radiation is rather weak. So, here, ensembles of atoms were proposed for the qubit encoding by using the dipole blockade mechanism in order to turn multilevel systems in two level ones. But dipole-dipole based blockade introduces an additional decoherence that limits its practical significance. Recently, the collective blockade mechanism has been proposed for the system of three-level atoms by using the different frequency shifts for the Raman transitions between the collective atomic states characterized by a different number of the excited atoms. Here, we propose two qubit gate by using another collective blockade mechanism in the system of two level atoms based on exchange interaction via the virtual photons between the multi-atomic ensembles in the resonator. Also we demonstrate the possibility of three qubit gate (Controlled SWAP gate) using a suppression of the swap-process between two multi-atomic ensembles due to dynamical shift of the atomic levels controlled by the states of photon encoded qubit.

arXiv:1103.3098•Mar 16, 2011•4 citations

Deterministic quantum storage, communication and computing with atomic ensembles using light-shift imbalance induced blockade of collective excitations

M. S. Shahriar, Prabhakar Pradhan, G. S. Pati +2 more

Collective excitation, the leading technique for quantum information processing, suffers from limitations due to higher order excitations. We describe a blockade mechanism, based on light-shift imbalance in a Raman transition that eliminates this shortcoming.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Trapped Alkali-Metal Rydberg Qubit

Yefeng Mei, Y. Li, H. Nguyen +2 more

Rydberg interactions of trapped alkali-metal atoms are used widely to facilitate quantum gate operations in quantum processors and repeaters. In most laboratory realizations using this protocol, the Rydberg states are repelled by the trapping laser fields, requiring that the fields be turned off during gate operations. Here we create a quasi-two-level system in a regime of Rydberg excitation blockade for a mesoscopic Rb ensemble of several hundred atoms confined in a magic-wavelength optical lattice. We observe many-body Rabi oscillations between the ground and collective Rydberg state. In addition we use Ramsey interference techniques to obtain the light shifts of both the lower and upper states of the collective qubit. Whereas the coupling producing the Rabi oscillations is enhanced by a factor of sqrt[N], there is no corresponding enhancement for the light shifts. We derive an effective two-level model which is in good agreement with our observations. Trapped Rydberg qubits and an effective two-level description are expected to have broad applicability for studies of quantum simulation and networking using collective encoding in ensembles of neutral atoms.

Physical Review Letters•Mar 22, 2022•22 citations
Recently, we have shown that for conditions under which the so-called light-shift imbalance induced blockade occurs, the collective excitation of an ensemble of a multilevel atom can be treated as a closed two-level system. In this paper, we describe how such a system can be used as a quantum bit (qubit) for quantum communication and quantum computing. Specifically, we show how to realize a controlled-NOT gate using the collective qubit and an easily accessible ring cavity, via an extension of the so-called Pellizzari scheme. We also describe how multiple, small-scale quantum computers realized using these qubits can be linked effectively for implementing a quantum internet. We describe the details of the energy levels and transitions in an 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atom that could be used for implementing these schemes.
Previously, we had proposed the technique of light shift imbalance induced blockade which leads to a condition where a collection of non-interacting atoms under laser excitation remains combined to a superposition of the ground and the fist excited states, thus realizing a collective state quantum bit which in turn can be used to realize a quantum computer. In this paper, we show first that the light shift imbalance by itself is actually not enough to produce such a blockade, and explain the reason by the limitation of our previous analysis had reached this constraint. We then show that by introducing Rydberg interaction, it is possible to achieve such a blockade for a wide range of parameters. Analytic arguments used to establish these results are confirmed by numerical simulations. The fidelity of coupled quantum gates based on such collective state qubits is highly insensitive to the exact number of atoms in the ensemble. As such, this approach may prove be viable for scalable quantum computing based on neutral atoms.
We propose a new physical approach for encoding and processing of quantum information in ensembles of multilevel quantum systems, where the different bits are not carried by individual particles but associated with the collective population of different internal levels. One- and two-bit gates are implemented by collective internal state transitions taking place in the presence of an excitation blockade mechanism, which restricts the population of each internal state to the values zero and unity. Quantum computers with 10-20 bits can be built via this scheme in single trapped clouds of ground state atoms subject to the Rydberg excitation blockade mechanism, and the linear dependence between register size and the number of internal quantum states in atoms offers realistic means to reach larger registers.
Abstract : The goal of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing a large quantum computer by linking a series of elementary quantum computers (EQCs), using ensembles of atoms as qubits. We built all the tools for making an EQC.However, experimental work revealed that use of light shift imbalance only is not enough to achieve the required blockade. We have now shown why this is the case, and have identified how the blockade can be restored by using Rydberg interaction assisted light-shift imbalance. However, due to lack of necessary lasers, we were unable to demonstrate the EQC using this scheme. Instead, we focused on exploring other aspects of collective state entanglement for precision metrology. Specifically, we have shown how to realize spin-squeezed collective state atomic interferometer (COSAIN) and collective state atomic clock (COSAC), capable of improving the performance by a factor of root-N, thus reaching the Heisenberg limit. Significant experimental work has been carried out to demonstrate these devices, and this work will be carried to completion in the near future.
Creation of quantum computer is outstanding fundamental and practical problem. The quantum computer could be used for execution of very complicated tasks which are not solvable with the classical computers. The first prototype of solid state quantum computer was created in 2009 with superconducting qubits. However, it suffers from the decoherent processes and it is desirable to find more practical encoding of qubits with long-lived coherence. It could be single impurity or vacancy centers in solids, but their interaction with electromagnetic radiation is rather weak. So, here, ensembles of atoms were proposed for the qubit encoding by using the dipole blockade mechanism in order to turn multilevel systems in two level ones. But dipole-dipole based blockade introduces an additional decoherence that limits its practical significance. Recently, the collective blockade mechanism has been proposed for the system of three-level atoms by using the different frequency shifts for the Raman transitions between the collective atomic states characterized by a different number of the excited atoms. Here, we propose two qubit gate by using another collective blockade mechanism in the system of two level atoms based on exchange interaction via the virtual photons between the multi-atomic ensembles in the resonator. Also we demonstrate the possibility of three qubit gate (Controlled SWAP gate) using a suppression of the swap-process between two multi-atomic ensembles due to dynamical shift of the atomic levels controlled by the states of photon encoded qubit.
Rydberg interactions of trapped alkali-metal atoms are used widely to facilitate quantum gate operations in quantum processors and repeaters. In most laboratory realizations using this protocol, the Rydberg states are repelled by the trapping laser fields, requiring that the fields be turned off during gate operations. Here we create a quasi-two-level system in a regime of Rydberg excitation blockade for a mesoscopic Rb ensemble of several hundred atoms confined in a magic-wavelength optical lattice. We observe many-body Rabi oscillations between the ground and collective Rydberg state. In addition we use Ramsey interference techniques to obtain the light shifts of both the lower and upper states of the collective qubit. Whereas the coupling producing the Rabi oscillations is enhanced by a factor of sqrt[N], there is no corresponding enhancement for the light shifts. We derive an effective two-level model which is in good agreement with our observations. Trapped Rydberg qubits and an effective two-level description are expected to have broad applicability for studies of quantum simulation and networking using collective encoding in ensembles of neutral atoms.