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arXiv:quant-ph/0603044 · Physical Review A

Optical transparency using interference between two modes of a cavity

J. D. Franson, S. M. Hendrickson

Published Nov 22, 2006• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In electromagnetically induced transparency, the scattering rate of a probe beam is greatly reduced due to destructive interference between two dressed atomic states produced by a strong laser beam. Here we show that a similar reduction in the single-photon scattering rate can be achieved by tuning a probe beam to be halfway between the resonant frequencies of two modes of a cavity. This technique is expected to be useful in enhancing two-photon absorption while reducing losses due to single-photon scattering.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.053817

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In electromagnetically induced transparency, the scattering rate of a probe beam is greatly reduced due to destructive interference between two dressed atomic states produced by a strong laser beam. Here we show that a similar reduction in the single-photon scattering rate can be achieved by tuning a probe beam to be halfway between the resonant frequencies of two modes of a cavity. This technique is expected to be useful in enhancing two-photon absorption while reducing losses due to single-photon scattering.
We study atomic coherence and interference in four-level atoms confined in an optical cavity and explores the interplay between cavity QED and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The destructive interference can be induced in the coupled cavity-atom system with a free-space control laser tuned to the normal mode resonance and leads to suppression of the normal mode excitation. Then by adding a pump laser coupled to the four-level atoms from free space, the control-laser induced destructive interference can be reversed and the normal mode excitation is restored. When the free-space control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and forms a Λ-type EIT configuration with the cavity-atom system, EIT is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a weak probe laser coupled into the cavity mode. With the free-space pump laser driving the cavity-confined atoms in a four-level configuration, the narrow transmission peak of the cavity EIT can be split into two peaks and the dressed intra-cavity dark states are created analogous to the dressed states in free space. We report experimental studies of such coherently coupled cavity-atom system realized with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity and discuss possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
We propose a scheme for controlling coherent photon absorption by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atom-cavity system. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurs when time-reversed symmetry of lasing process is obtained with the destructive interference at the cavity interfaces. The frequency range of CPA is generally dependent on the decay rates of the cavity mirrors. The smaller decay rate of the cavity mirror causes the wider frequency range of CPA, and the needed intensity of the probe fields is larger to satisfy CPA condition for a given frequency. Although Rabi frequency of the control laser has little effect on the frequency range of CPA, with EIT-type quantum interference, the CPA mode is tunable by the control laser. In addition, with the relative phase, the probe fields can be perfectly transmitted and/or reflected. Therefore, the system can be used as a controllable coherent perfect absorber or transmitter (reflector), and our work may have practical applications in optical logic devices.
We present an experimental demonstration of electromagnetically induced two-photon transparency (EITT) in room temperature rubidium vapor. The 8 S 1/2 to 5 P 1/2 fluorescence is used to monitor the 5 S 1/2 ( F = 3) to 8 S 1/2 ( F = 3) two-photon absorption near resonance with the intermediate state 5 P 3/2 . A controlling pump laser beam is employed to coherently couple the 5 P 3/2 and 5 D 5/2 states, thus producing two dressed intermediate states which give rise to destructive interference in the two-photon transition. An induced two-photon transparency of about 80% has been obtained at resonance; our experimental findings are in good agreement with the general theory of Agarwal et al. ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , 77 (1996) 1039), when the appropriate spectroscopic parameters are used.
We present an experimental study on the cavity-atom ensemble system, and realize the doubly-resonant cavity enhanced electromagnetically induced transparency, where both the probe and control lasers are resonant with a Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate the precise frequency manipulating of the hybrid optical-atomic resonances, through either temperature or cavity length tuning. In such a system, the control power can be greatly enhanced due to the cavity, and all-optical switching is achieved with a much lower control laser power compared to previous studies. A new theoretical model is developed to describe the effective three-wave mixing process between spin-wave and optical modes. Interesting non-Hermitian physics are predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Such a doubly-resonant cavity-atom ensemble system without a specially designed cavity can be used for future applications, such as optical signal storage and microwave-to-optical frequency conversion.
We propose and analyze a scheme for controlling coherent photon transmission and reflection in a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms coherently prepared by a control laser from free space. When the control laser is off and the cavity is excited by two identical light fields from two ends of the cavity, the two input light fields can be completely absorbed by the CQED system and the light energy is converted into the excitation of the polariton states, but no light can escape from the cavity. Two distinct cases of controlling the perfect photon absorption are analyzed: (a) when the control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and creates electromagnetically induced transparency, the perfect photon absorption is suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely transmitted through the cavity; (b) when the control laser is tuned to the polariton state resonance and inhibits the polariton state excitation, the perfect photon absorption is again suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely reflected from the cavity. Thus, the CQED system can act as a perfect absorber or near-perfect transmitter and/or reflector by simply turning the control laser off or on. Such interference control of the coherent photon-atom interaction in the CQED system should be useful for a variety of applications in optical logical devices.
We report on an experimental observation of quantum interference between two dressed states created by a coherent pumping laser in an electromagnetically induced transparency. In a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type three-level atomic system in rubidium vapor, we reduce the Rabi frequency of the pumping laser in one arm down below the spontaneous decay rate of the common excited state and still observe a narrow dip with subnatural linewidth in the absorption curve of a probe beam in another arm. This clearly demonstrates that the absorption reduction at the low pumping intensity is mainly due to the interference between the two dressed states, not due to the ac--Stark-shift effect.