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arXiv:quant-ph/0507084 · New Journal of Physics

Weak nonlinearities: a new route to optical quantum computation

W J Munro, Kae Nemoto, T P Spiller

Published May 27, 2005• 314 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum information processing (QIP) offers the promise of being able to do things that we cannot do with conventional technology. Here we present a new route for distributed optical QIP, based on generalized quantum non-demolition measurements, providing a unified approach for quantum communication and computing. Interactions between photons are generated using weak nonlinearities and intense laser fields—the use of such fields provides for robust distribution of quantum information. Our approach only requires a practical set of resources, and it uses these very efficiently. Thus it promises to be extremely useful for the first quantum technologies, based on scarce resources. Furthermore, in the longer term this approach provides both options and scalability for efficient many-qubit QIP.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/137

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Quantum information processing (QIP) offers the promise of being able to do things that we cannot do with conventional technology. Here we present a new route for distributed optical QIP, based on generalized quantum non-demolition measurements, providing a unified approach for quantum communication and computing. Interactions between photons are generated using weak nonlinearities and intense laser fields—the use of such fields provides for robust distribution of quantum information. Our approach only requires a practical set of resources, and it uses these very efficiently. Thus it promises to be extremely useful for the first quantum technologies, based on scarce resources. Furthermore, in the longer term this approach provides both options and scalability for efficient many-qubit QIP.
Quantum information processing (QIP) offers the promise of being able to do things that we cannot do with conventional technology. Here we present a new route for distributed optical QIP, based on generalized quantum non-demolition measurements, providing a unified approach for quantum communication and computing. Interactions between photons are generated using weak non-linearities and intense laser fields--the use of such fields provides for robust distribution of quantum information. Our approach requires only a practical set of resources, and it uses these very efficiently. Thus it promises to be extremely useful for the first quantum technologies, based on scarce resources. Furthermore, in the longer term this approach provides both options and scalability for efficient many-qubit QIP.
Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical quantum information processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.
Processing information quantum mechanically is known to enable new communication and computational scenarios that cannot be accessed with conventional information technology (IT). It is known that such quantum processing can be performed with linear optical techniques, measurement and feed-forward. However, here the gates are intrinsically probabilistic and so scaling up such an approach requires considerable qubit resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr non-linearities and highly efficient homodyne measurements. This approach enables a parity gate between optical qubits, mediated by an additional optical probe mode, enabling near-deterministic Bell state measurement and entangling gates. Our approach is therefore the basis for very efficient, scalable optical QIP, and provides a natural method for distributing such processing, combining it with quantum communication.
Abstract. Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical Quantum Information Processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.
Quantum information processing (QIP) can provide exponential speedup of various computational algorithms physically proven data security. Many realizations of QIP employ photons as qubits in applications such as cryptography [1], computing [2], [3], and teleportation [4]. Despite their many uses, implementing photon-based quantum gates is extremely challenging due to the very weak photon-photon interaction in practical materials [5]. Lately, a field of superconducting optoelectronics emerged, investigating light-matter interaction in semiconductor-superconductor structures [6], [7]. Such interactions were shown to result in novel processes based on strongly-enhanced optical nonlinearities, including spontaneous two-photon emission [8] and two-photon gain [9], enabling various aspects of QIP such as full Bell state analysis [10] and entangled-photon generation [11]. Nevertheless, a complete infrastructure for superconductor-based photonic quantum information processing requires quantum gate schemes, which have not been studied so far.
Modern quantum nanophotonics is revealed as the unique synergy between the quantum world and nanophotonics providing us with novel ways of controlling the quantum states of light, and enabling novel routes towards the realisation of future generation’s quantum information processing (QIP) systems. Focusing on the quantum photon-matter interaction, nano-confined light, nano-optical quantum interference and the control of linear and nonlinear quantum phenomena at the nanoscale in terms of the quantum superposition and entanglement, we provide a fundamental description of nano-photonic quantum systems. In particular, deep discussions on the outstanding characteristics of nano-structured photonic circuits are essential to understand the strong light-matter coupling, capable of boosting the coherence times and the processing efficiency of qubits, i.e., the basic building blocks of quantum computing. Furthermore, a progressive approach dealing with the QIP functionalities within concepts of quantum communication networks and powerful quantum computational architectures is provided, motivating an empirical hunt for efficient QIP approaches. Positive perspectives are given on the potential implications of modern quantum nanophotonics to the theoretical frameworks of the field.