Nonlinear Dissipation and Hopf Criticality in Driven Dissipative Collective Spins
Shu Yang, Jun Wang, Weidong Li +3 more
Self-sustained oscillations combine finite-amplitude stabilization with a neutral phase degree of freedom. We develop this bifurcation-based framework for driven-dissipative collective spins and show that the microscopic structure of the U(1)-covariant dissipation selects the background attractor, while the explicit U(1)-breaking channel governs its local bifurcation response. In the thermodynamic-limit mean-field dynamics, a single linear U(1)-covariant jump produces only polar fixed-point backgrounds, whereas nonlinear covariant dissipation provides amplitude-dependent saturation and stabilizes a finite-latitude self-sustained-oscillator manifold through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Under coherent U(1) breaking, exact resonance leads to a reversible double-zero degeneracy with vanishing critical frequency rather than a standard Hopf onset. Finite detuning unfolds this singularity into a genuine finite-frequency Hopf boundary, which exists only on the self-sustained-oscillator side and can be either supercritical or subcritical. By contrast, a single linear dissipative U(1)-breaking jump cannot generate a standard Hopf instability: when its phase-pinning invariant vanishes the azimuthal direction remains neutral, whereas otherwise the phase-locked fixed points have a purely real Jacobian spectrum. These results establish a general design principle: nonlinear covariant dissipation selects the selfsustained background, while the structure of the symmetry-breaking channel determines whether the resulting local response is double-zero, genuinely Hopf, or non-Hopf.
quant-pharXiv:2609.03360•Sep 4, 2026