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arXiv:quant-ph/0505211 · Optics Letters

Generation of correlated photon pairs in a microstructure fiber

Jingyun Fan, Aristide C. Dogariu, L. J. Wang

Published Jun 15, 2005• 73 citations
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Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method of generating correlated photons in a microstructure fiber by means of a reversed degenerate four-wave-mixing process. Here one photon is annihilated from each of the bichromatic pump pulses to generate a pair of photons at the mean frequency. For a microstructure fiber as short as 1.5 m the measured coincidence counting rate is approximately eight times that of the accidental coincidences with a peak pump power of 0.25 W.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.001530

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method of generating correlated photons in a microstructure fiber by means of a reversed degenerate four-wave-mixing process. Here one photon is annihilated from each of the bichromatic pump pulses to generate a pair of photons at the mean frequency. For a microstructure fiber as short as 1.5 m the measured coincidence counting rate is approximately eight times that of the accidental coincidences with a peak pump power of 0.25 W.
We present a systematic experimental study of generating correlated photon pairs using a reversed degenerate four-wave mixing process. By overlapping a pair of parallel- (or cross-) polarized laser pump pulses at conjugate frequencies in a microstructure fiber, parallel- or (cross-) polarized correlated photon pairs are generated at the middle frequency. The generation rate of correlated photons by four-wave mixing with parallel-polarized laser pumps in a 1.8 meter microstructure fiber is comparable or higher than that of a parametric down conversion process in a bulk-crystal at similar pump power levels.
We report efficient generation of correlated photon pairs through degenerate four-wave mixing in a microstructure fiber. With 735.7 nm pump pulses producing correlated signal (688.5 nm) and idler (789.8 nm) photons in a 1.8 m microstructure fiber, we detect photon pairs at a rate of 37.6 kHz with a coincidence/ accidental contrast of 10:1 with deltalambda = 0.7 nm. This is the highest rate to our knowledge reported to date in a fiber-based photon source. The light source is highly nonclassical as defined by the Zou-Wang-Mandel inequality, which is violated by 1100 times the uncertainty.
The gains of Four-wave mixing and Raman scattering in an optical fiber vary with wavelength. We use this wavelength variation to experimentally optimize the four-wave mixing relative to the Raman scattering, resulting in high photon coincidence rates and high coincidence/accidental contrast ratios. We obtain a photon coincidence rate of 53.7 kHz/mW/nm with a coincidence/accidental contrast of 10:1 in a 1.8 m microstructure fiber. We discuss the use of this fiber as a source for photon-counting detector efficiency calibrations.
We develop a theoretical analysis of four-wave mixing used to generate photon pairs useful for quantum information processing. The analysis applies to a single mode microstructured fibre pumped by an ultra-short coherent pulse in the normal dispersion region. Given the values of the optical propagation constant inside the fibre, we can estimate the created number of photon pairs per pulse, their central wavelength and their respective bandwidth. We use the experimental results from a picosecond source of correlated photon pairs using a micro-structured fibre to validate the model. The fibre is pumped in the normal dispersion regime at 708 nm and phase matching is satisfied for widely spaced parametric wavelengths of 586 and 894 nm. We measure the number of photons per pulse using a loss-independent coincidence scheme and compare the results with the theoretical expectation. We show a good agreement between the theoretical expectations and the experimental results for various fibre lengths and pump powers.