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arXiv:quant-ph/0503085 · Physical Review A

Spectral narrowing via quantum coherence

Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Yuri V. Rostovtsev, Aihua Zhang, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy, Marlan O. Scully, George R. Welch

Published Jul 20, 2006• 15 citations
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Abstract

We have studied the transmission through an optically thick $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ vapor that is illuminated by monochromatic and noise-broadened laser fields in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration. The spectral width of the beat signal between the two fields after transmission through the atomic medium is more than 1000 times narrower than the spectral width of this signal before the medium.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.013807

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We have studied the transmission through an optically thick 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor that is illuminated by monochromatic and noise-broadened laser fields in \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ configuration. The spectral width of the beat signal between the two fields after transmission through the atomic medium is more than 1000 times narrower than the spectral width of this signal before the medium.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can make an otherwise opaque medium transparent by utilizing quantum coherence. EIT has attracted great interest since the 1990s for its wide applications in metrology, nonlinear and quantum optics, and quantum information science. We present a review on spectral line narrowing mechanisms in EIT-related systems, accounting for linewidths much narrower than expected from the standard mechanisms of Doppler broadening, transit time broadening, magnetic field inhomogeneity and power broadening. Topics covered include Dicke narrowing, atomic-motion-induced Ramsey narrowing, motional narrowing, density narrowing, laser induced narrowing and power-broadening-free resonance. Intuitive pictures are provided to describe the essential physics of each mechanism.
Spectroscopic properties of coherently prepared, optically dense atomic media are studied experimentally and analyzed theoretically. It is shown that in such media the power broadening of the resonances can be substantially reduced. A density-dependent spectral narrowing of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) window and novel, even narrower, resonances superimposed on the EIT line are observed in dense Rb vapor. A nonlinear two-photon spectroscopic technique based on coherent atomic media and combining high resolution with a large signal-to-noise ratio seems feasible.
We present the transformation in the Hanle configuration of the transmission that results from coherent population trapping (CPT) into the level-crossing absorption (LCA) that results from the single-photon optical pumping in the 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ line of a Rb vapor cell with a Ne buffer gas when the polarization of the laser field is changed from linear to circular. The LCA spectrum, with a narrow spectral width of 2.42.42.4 mG (1.71.71.7 kHz), was observed in the ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}\ensuremath{\leqslant}{F}_{g}$ transition with the circularly polarized laser. This may be because the LCA is both related to the transverse magnetic field and the atom-laser interaction time resulting from diffusive atomic motion in the cell with the buffer gas. The CPT and LCA spectra were calculated numerically using the full density matrix equations for the relevant magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine levels, considering the residual magnetic fields perpendicular to laser propagation and the collision effects resulting from the buffer gas. There was good qualitative agreement between theoretical and experimental results.