A Three-Stage Quantum Cryptography Protocol

Bassem Abd-El-Atty, Salvador Elías Venegas-Andraca, Ahmed A. Abd El‐Latif

Priya Sivakumar

We present simple implementations of Kak's three-stage quantum cryptography protocol. The case where the transformation is applied to more than one qubit at the same time is also considered.

Linsen Wu, Yuhua Chen

Information security is increasingly important as society migrates to the information age. Classical cryptography widely used nowadays is based on computational complexity, which means that it assumes that solving some particular mathematical problems is hard on a classical computer. With the development of supercomputers and, potentially, quantum computers, classical cryptography has more and more potential risks. Quantum cryptography provides a solution which is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem. While BB84-based quantum protocols are only secure when a single photon is used in communication, the three-stage quantum protocol is multi-photon tolerant. However, existing analyses assume perfect noiseless channels. In this paper, a multi-photon analysis is performed for the three-stage quantum protocol under the collective-rotation noise model. The analysis provides insights into the impact of the noise level on a three-stage quantum cryptography system.

Chiara Macchiavello, Anna Sanpera

Sayonnha Mandal, Gregory Macdonald, Mayssaa El Rifai +7 more

The paper presents the implementation of a quantum cryptography protocol for secure communication. As computing power increases, classical cryptography and key management schemes based on computational complexity become increasingly susceptible to brute force and cryptanalytic attacks. Current implementations of quantum cryptography are based on the BB84 protocol, which is susceptible to siphoning attacks on the multiple photons emitted by practical laser sources. The three-stage protocol, whose implementation is described in this paper, is a departure from conventional practice and it obviates some of the known vulnerabilities of the current implementations of quantum cryptography. This paper presents an implementation of the three-stage quantum communication protocol in free-space. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of a quantum protocol where multiple photons can be used for secure communication.

F. Javier Thayer, Michael Hamrick, Gerald N. Gilbert