Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:quant-ph/0502085 · Physical Review Letters

All-Versus-Nothing Violation of Local Realism by Two-Photon, Four-Dimensional Entanglement

Tao Yang, Qiang Zhang, Jun Zhang, Juan Yin, Zhi Zhao, Marek Żukowski, Zeng‐Bing Chen, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Dec 9, 2005• 133 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We develop and exploit a source of two-photon, four-dimensional entanglement to report the first two-particle all-versus-nothing test of local realism with a linear optics setup, but without resorting to a noncontextuality assumption. Our experimental results are in good agreement with quantum mechanics while in extreme contradiction to local realism. Potential applications of our experiment are briefly discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.95.240406

Related papers

All-Versus-Nothing Violation of Local Realism by Swapping Entanglement

Zeng‐Bing Chen, Yu-Ao Chen, Jian-Wei Pan

The usual entanglement swapping protocol can entangle two particles that never interact. Here we demonstrate an all-versus-nothing violation of local realism for a partial entanglement swapping process. A Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-type inequality for two particles entangled by entanglement swapping is proposed for a practical experiment and can be violated quantum mechanically up to 4 beyond Cirel'son's bound 2sqr(2). Our result uncovers the intriguing nonlocal character of entanglement swapping and may lead to a conclusive (loophole-free) test of local realism versus quantum mechanics. The experimental test of the nonlocality under current technology is also discussed.

arXiv:quant-ph/0505178•May 24, 2005•2 citations

All-Versus-Nothing Violation of Local Realism for Two Entangled Photons

Zeng‐Bing Chen, Jian-Wei Pan, Yong-De Zhang +2 more

It is shown that the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorem can be generalized to the case with only two entangled particles. The reasoning makes use of two photons which are maximally entangled both in polarization and in spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to Cabello's argument of "all versus nothing" nonlocality with four photons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010403 (2001)]], our proposal to test the theorem can be implemented with linear optics and thus is well within the reach of current experimental technology.

arXiv:quant-ph/0211075•Physical Review Letters•Apr 24, 2003•77 citations

QUANTUM NONLOCALITY OF POLARIZATION-MOMENTUM HYPER-ENTANGLED STATES

Marco Barbieri, F. De Martini, Paolo Mataloni +1 more

We present two experimental tests of nonlocality, namely the Bell's inequalities and the "All Versus Nothing" (AVN) proof, performed with a two photon hyper-entangled state, entangled in polarization and momentum. These states, which double the extension of the available qubits, are engineered by a simple experimental method which uses linear optics and a single Type I nonlinear crystal. The AVN test of local realism represents a generalization of the GHZ to the case of two entangled particles and two observers.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Feb 1, 2007•0 citations

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type Violation of Local Realism for Two Photons

Zeng‐Bing Chen, Jian-Wei Pan, Yongde Zhang +2 more

It is shown that the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorem can be generalized to the case with only two entangled particles. The reasoning makes use of two photons which are maximally entangled both in polarization and in spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to Cabello's argument of "All versus Nothing" nonlocality with four photons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010403 (2001)], our proposal to test the theorem can be implemented with linear optics and thus is well within the reach of current experimental technology.

•Nov 13, 2002•0 citations

Proposed Experimental Test for Proving Quantum Contextuality with Non-entangled Photons

Yoshihiro Nambu

We present a new and feasible test proving quantum contextuality in four-dimensional Hiltbert space. In our scheme, a contradiction between quantum mechanics and noncontextual hidden variables is revealed through the measurement statistics of two joint measurements of an ensemble of non-entangled qubits. The origin of nonclassicality is fully attributed to the measurement process. Quantum optical realization using photon pairs and linear optics are presented.

arXiv:0805.3398•May 22, 2008•1 citation

Experiments of quantum nonlocality with polarization-momentum entangled photon pairs

Giuseppe Vallone, Paolo Mataloni, F. De Martini +1 more

We present the results of some experimental tests of quantum nonlocality performed by two-photon states, entangled both in polarization and momentum, namely hyperentangled states and two-photon four-qubit linear cluster states. These states, which double the number of available qubits with respect to the standard two-photon entangled states, are engineered by a simple experimental method, which adopts linear optics and a single type I nonlinear crystal. The tests of local realism performed with these states represent a generalization of the Greenberger, Home, and Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem to the case of two entangled particles.

Laser Physics•Jul 1, 2007•0 citations
We develop and exploit a source of two-photon, four-dimensional entanglement to report the first two-particle all-versus-nothing test of local realism with a linear optics setup, but without resorting to a noncontextuality assumption. Our experimental results are in good agreement with quantum mechanics while in extreme contradiction to local realism. Potential applications of our experiment are briefly discussed.
The usual entanglement swapping protocol can entangle two particles that never interact. Here we demonstrate an all-versus-nothing violation of local realism for a partial entanglement swapping process. A Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt-type inequality for two particles entangled by entanglement swapping is proposed for a practical experiment and can be violated quantum mechanically up to 4 beyond Cirel'son's bound 2sqr(2). Our result uncovers the intriguing nonlocal character of entanglement swapping and may lead to a conclusive (loophole-free) test of local realism versus quantum mechanics. The experimental test of the nonlocality under current technology is also discussed.
It is shown that the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorem can be generalized to the case with only two entangled particles. The reasoning makes use of two photons which are maximally entangled both in polarization and in spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to Cabello's argument of "all versus nothing" nonlocality with four photons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010403 (2001)]], our proposal to test the theorem can be implemented with linear optics and thus is well within the reach of current experimental technology.
We present two experimental tests of nonlocality, namely the Bell's inequalities and the "All Versus Nothing" (AVN) proof, performed with a two photon hyper-entangled state, entangled in polarization and momentum. These states, which double the extension of the available qubits, are engineered by a simple experimental method which uses linear optics and a single Type I nonlinear crystal. The AVN test of local realism represents a generalization of the GHZ to the case of two entangled particles and two observers.
It is shown that the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorem can be generalized to the case with only two entangled particles. The reasoning makes use of two photons which are maximally entangled both in polarization and in spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to Cabello's argument of "All versus Nothing" nonlocality with four photons [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 010403 (2001)], our proposal to test the theorem can be implemented with linear optics and thus is well within the reach of current experimental technology.
We present the results of some experimental tests of quantum nonlocality performed by two-photon states, entangled both in polarization and momentum, namely hyperentangled states and two-photon four-qubit linear cluster states. These states, which double the number of available qubits with respect to the standard two-photon entangled states, are engineered by a simple experimental method, which adopts linear optics and a single type I nonlinear crystal. The tests of local realism performed with these states represent a generalization of the Greenberger, Home, and Zeilinger (GHZ) theorem to the case of two entangled particles.